柴油机气缸套穴蚀分析及预防措施
李玉强1，2，戴雨华1，2，朱永杰1，2，周涛1，2
1.内燃机与动力系统全国重点实验室，山东 潍坊 261061；2.潍柴动力股份有限公司，山东 潍坊 261061
摘要：为解决某市场验证返回的六缸柴油机气缸套外壁出现的穴蚀问题，参考AVL评估方法，采用Abaqus软件和Joukowsky模型仿真分析气缸套主推力侧12个测点的穴蚀情况；在此基础上对活塞型线以及水泵性能进行优化，并对优化方案进行仿真和市场验证。结果表明：测点4～12的冷却液瞬时压力均小于饱和蒸气压，气缸套主推力侧存在穴蚀风险，风险位置与实际穴蚀位置基本吻合；优化活塞型线后，活塞对气缸套的敲击速度最大波动由0.202 m/s降低到0.151 m/s，有效减小了气缸套振动；提高水泵性能后，气缸套外壁冷却液压力升高了46 kPa；优化后的方案通过了市场试验。针对气缸套穴蚀问题，除了传统方法外，还可从优化活塞裙部型线以抑制缸套振动、提高水泵性能以增大冷却液压力两方面入手，两者共同作用可有效降低气缸套穴蚀风险。
关键词：气缸套；振动；穴蚀；改进措施
Analysis of cavitation in diesel engine cylinder liners and its preventive measures
LI Yuqiang1,2, DAI Yuhua1,2, ZHU Yongjie1,2, ZHOU Tao1,2
1.State Key Laboratory of Engine and Power System, Weifang 261061, China;
2. Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China
Abstract: To address the cavitation issue on the outer wall of the six-cylinder diesel engine cylinder liner returned from market validation, the AVL evaluation method is referenced. Simulation analysis is conducted on the cavitation conditions of 12 measurement points on the main thrust side of the cylinder liner by using Abaqus software and the Joukowsky model. On this basis, the piston skirt profile and water pump performance are optimized, and the resulting solutions are validated through simulation and market testing. The results show that the instantaneous coolant pressure at measurement points 4-12 are all below the saturation vapor pressure, indicating a risk of cavitation on the main thrust side of the cylinder liner, which matches the actual cavitation locations. Following the optimization of the piston skirt profile, the peak fluctuation in piston impact velocity on the cylinder liner is reduced from 0.202 m/s to 0.151 m/s, thereby effectively mitigating cylinder liner vibration. In addition, the improvement in water pump performance leads to a 46 kPa increase in coolant pressure on the outer wall of the cylinder liner. The optimized solution passes market testing. For cylinder liner cavitation issues, in addition to traditional methods, approaches such as optimizing the piston skirt profile to suppress cylinder liner vibration and enhancing water pump performance to increase coolant pressure can be adopted. These two methods working together can effectively mitigate cylinder liner cavitation risks.
Keywords: cylinder liner; vibration; cavitation; improvement measures
