内燃机点火系统研发进展

赵庆武^1，2，孔德炎²，田杰¹，熊勇¹，程勇^1*，王兆宇³

1.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院，山东 济南  250061；2.萨里大学机械工程学院，吉尔福德 英国  GU27XH；

3.龙口中宇热管理系统科技有限公司，山东 龙口  265716

摘要：为提高内燃机在稀燃模式下的点火稳定性，从点火机理及放电等离子体覆盖范围两个角度分析不同点火的效果，探讨点火系统在燃烧速率控制及爆震抑制等方面的潜力，总结先进点火系统的发展方向。分析结果表明：点火系统在内燃机燃烧控制过程中起关键作用，先进点火技术可以保证内燃机在稀燃模式下的点火稳定性；增大点火能量和点火范围可以提高点火稳定性，但这两者同时增大导致总点火能量急剧上升，要求点火系统的功率更大，增大系统的复杂度，降低发动机的经济性。目前绝大多数点火方法主要基于气体放电生成等离子体引燃混合气，通过调整放电等离子体的特性，点火系统可以在缸内燃烧全过程对燃烧放热进行柔性控制。

关键词：内燃机；点火系统；高压放电;等离子体；燃烧调控

Development and trends in ignition systems for internal combustion engine

ZHAO Qingwu^1，2, KONG Deyan², TIAN Jie¹, XIONG Yong¹,CHENG Yong^1*, WANG Zhaoyu³

1.School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;

2.School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK;

3.Longkou Zhongyu Thermal Management System Technology Co., Ltd., Longkou 265716, China

Abstract: To improve the ignition stability of internal combustion engines in lean-burn mode, the effects of different ignition methods are analyzed from two perspectives: ignition principles and the coverage range of discharge plasma. The potential of the ignition system in combustion rate control and detonation suppression is discussed, and the development direction of advanced ignition systems is summarized. The analysis results show that the ignition system plays a key role in the combustion control process of internal combustion engines. Advanced ignition technology can ensure the ignition stability of internal combustion engines in lean-burn mode. Increasing ignition energy and ignition coverage can enhance ignition stability, but both will lead to a sharp increase in total ignition energy, requiring higher power for the ignition system, increasing system complexity, and reducing engine economy. Currently, the majority of ignition methods generate plasma ignition of the mixture through gas discharge. By adjusting the characteristics of the discharge plasma, the ignition system can flexibly control the combustion heat release throughout the combustion process in the cylinder.

Keywords: internal combustion engine; ignition system; high voltage discharge; plasma; combustion process control