燃料电池发动机供氢系统设计与分析

刘黎明¹，任冲冲²，刘敏²，王桂华¹，白书战^1*，李国祥¹

1.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院，山东济南250061；2.潍柴动力股份有限公司，山东潍坊261061

摘要：分析流通、闭端、循环三种供氢系统布置方式的特点，针对功率为150 kW的氢燃料电池电堆，对循环式供氢系统布置方案进行改进设计，搭建燃料电池发动机系统仿真模型，运用正交试验设计方法，对9种不同的电池工作状态进行仿真计算分析，探讨循环泵的转速、排气周期和排气时间对燃料电池系统性能的影响。仿真结果表明，燃料电池阳极处氮气的体积分数随电流增大而增大；循环泵转速对电堆阳极氮气体积分数没有影响；当排气周期小于10 s时，排气时间应适当减小，当排气周期大于20 s时，排气时间应适当增大；阳极氢气体积流量随电流增大而增大，氢气过量比随电流增大而减小。

关键词：氢燃料电池；氢气循环系统；阳极；仿真模拟

Design and analysis of hydrogen supply system for a fuel cell engine

LIU Liming¹, REN Chongchong², LIU Min², WANG Guihua¹, BAI Shuzhan^1*, LI Guoxiang¹

1. School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;

2. Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China

Abstract: The characteristics of three hydrogen supply system layouts: circulation, closed-loop, and circulation is analyzed. Based on a hydrogen fuel cell stack with a power of 150 kW, the layout scheme of the circulation hydrogen supply system is improved, a simulation model of the fuel cell engine system is built, and orthogonal experimental design method is used to simulate and analyze nine different battery working states. The effects of the rotational speed of the circulation pump, exhaust cycle, and exhaust time on the performance of the fuel cell system are investigated. The simulation results show that the volume fraction of nitrogen at the anode of the fuel cell increases with the increase of current; the rotational speed of the circulating pump has no effect on the volume fraction of nitrogen gas in the anode of the fuel cell stack; when the exhaust cycle is less than 10 s, the exhaust duration should be appropriately reduced; when the exhaust cycle is greater than 20 s, the exhaust duration should be appropriately increased; the volume flow rate of anode hydrogen increases with the increase of current, while the excess ratio of hydrogen decreases with the increase of current.

Keywords: hydrogen fuel cell; hydrogen recirculation system; anode; simulation