船舶压载水中外来入侵鱼类的快速检测技术

刘璐¹，陈治^2,3，李扬⁴，樊鑫^1*

1.山东交通学院 船舶与港口工程学院，山东 威海  264209；

2.海南热带海洋学院 热带海洋生物资源利用与保护教育部重点实验室，海南 三亚  572022；

3.海南热带海洋学院 海南省热带海洋渔业资源保护与利用重点实验室，海南 三亚  572022；

4.威海市生态环境监控中心，山东 威海  264200

摘要：为消除压载水中外来入侵鱼类对生态环境的潜在威胁，解决传统的入侵物种检测方法存在的不足和局限性，采用传统调查方法并结合环境DNA宏条形码技术对压载水中大量样本的物种鉴定及目标物种进行信息获取，构建外来鱼种数据库，并进行定性检测及定量评估，探索建立适合我国国情的监测理论和方法，综合分析评估鱼类潜在入侵风险，为我国众多港口进行压载水处理和管控提供理论依据，并最终为降低鱼类入侵风险甚至达到零风险提供技术支持。

关键词：船舶压载水；入侵鱼类；快速检测；环境DNA

Fast detection technology for alien invasive fish in ship ballast water

LIU Lu¹, CHEN Zhi^2,3, LI Yang⁴, FAN Xin^1*

1.Naval Architecture and Port Engineering College, Shandong Jiaotong University, Weihai 264209,China;

2.Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Ministry of Education,Sanya 572022,China;

3.Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources,Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022,China;

4.Weihai Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Weihai 264200 China

Abstract:In order to eliminate the potential threat of alien invasive fish in ballast water to the ecological environment, and solve the shortcomings and limitations of traditional invasive species detection methods, traditional investigation methods combined with environmental DNA macro barcode technology are used to identify species and obtain information about target species in a large number of samples in ballast water. A database of alien fish species is built, and qualitative detection and quantitative evaluation are carried out. Monitoring theories and methods suitable for China′s national conditions are explored and established to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the potential invasion risk of fish. Theoretical basis for ballast water treatment and control in many ports in China is provided, and finally technical support for reducing the invasion risk of fish and even reaching zero risk is offered.

Keywords:ship ballast water; invasive fish; rapid detection; environmental DNA