低压润滑系统对柴油机可靠性和经济性的影响

田少聪^1,2，申加伟^1,2，王超^1,2，李国祥³，刘洋^1,2，蒋剑雄^1,2，孟令智^1,2，李浩^1,2

1.内燃机可靠性国家重点实验室，山东 潍坊   261061；2.潍柴动力股份有限公司发动机研究院，山东 潍坊   261061；

3.山东大学能源与动力工程学院，山东 济南   250061

摘要：为分析低压润滑系统对柴油机可靠性和经济性的影响，以某重型柴油机润滑系统为研究对象，通过仿真、测温试验和台架试验分析降低机油压力对活塞温度、主轴瓦温升、机油温升、燃油消耗率等的影响。仿真结果表明：活塞温度受机油压力和活塞喷嘴流量的影响不明显；机油温升受机油压力的影响较大，降低机油压力导致机油温升增大，机油劣化、结焦风险较高；主轴瓦、连杆大头轴瓦温升均小于设计限值。测温试验结果表明：活塞温度受机油压力影响不大，主轴瓦温升符合设计要求。台架试验结果表明：在常用工作区，机油压力由412 kPa降至240 kPa，燃油消耗率最大降幅约为0.9 g/（kW·h）。在满足柴油机可靠性的前提下应用低压润滑系统可提高经济性。

关键词：润滑系统；机油压力；燃油经济性；附件功耗；摩擦功

Effects of low pressure lubrication system on the reliability and economy of a diesel engine

TIAN Shaocong^1,2, SHEN Jiawei^1,2, WANG Chao^1,2, LI Guoxiang³, LIU Yang^1,2, JIANG Jianxiong^1,2, MENG Lingzhi^1,2, LI Hao^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Engine Reliability, Weifang 261061, China; 2. R&D Center, Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China;

3.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;

Abstract：To analyze the impact of low pressure lubrication system on the reliability and economy of diesel engines, a heavy-duty diesel engine lubrication system is taken as the research object. The effects of reducing oil pressure on piston temperature, main bearing temperature rise, oil temperature rise, fuel consumption rate, etc. are analyzed through simulation, temperature measurement tests, and bench tests. The simulation results show that the temperature of the piston is not significantly affected by the oil pressure and the flow rate of thepiston nozzle. The temperature rise of engine oil is greatly affected by engine oil pressure. Reducing engine oil pressure increases the risk of engine oil deterioration and coking. The temperature rise of the main bearing and connecting rod large end bearing is lower than the design limit. The temperature measurement test results show that the piston temperature is not significantly affected by the oil pressure, and the temperature rise of the main bearing meets the design requirements. The bench test results show that in the commonly used working area, the oil pressure drops from 412 kPa to 240 kPa, and the maximum decrease in fuel consumption rate is about 0.9 g/(kW·h). The application of low pressure lubrication system can improve fuel efficiency while meeting the reliability requirements of diesel engines.

Keywords: lubrication system; oil pressure; fuel economy; accessory power consumption; friction work