区域物流企业网点运营绩效评价
赵育瑶，马昊明，刘华琼*
山东交通学院 交通与物流工程学院，山东 济南 250357
摘要：为开展以运营绩效管理为导向的区域物流企业网点评价，实现物流企业降本增效，基于主成分分析(principal component analysis，PCA)法和数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis，DEA)法构建区域物流企业网点运营绩效评价体系。采用PCA法对预设的运营绩效投入与产出评价指标降维，产生强代表性、弱相关性的评价指标主成分，结合DEA法的C2R模型计算区域物流企业网点的纯技术效率、规模效率及综合效率。以石家庄市某物流企业运营质量相对较差的12个网点为样本，统计2021年10月每个网点的投入、产出指标，对其进行运营绩效评价。结果表明：12个网点的平均纯技术效率低于平均规模效率，其中5个网点的综合效率为1，投入与产出效率有效，运营较好；3个网点的规模收益处于递减状态，投入资源的使用效率较低；4个网点的规模收益处于递增状态，纯技术效率低于规模效率，存在管理和技术等因素影响生产效率的问题。根据评价结果提出该企业运营优化方向为缩减规模、提升管理技术水平。
关键词：区域物流；PCA法；DEA法；绩效评价；物流企业网点
Network operational performance evaluation of regional logistics enterprises
ZHAO Yuyao, MA Haoming, LIU Huaqiong*
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China
Abstract:In order to carry out the operational performance oriented network evaluation and achieve the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency of regional logistics enterprises, the operational performance evaluation system of regional logistics enterprises is constructed based on the principal component analysis(PCA) method and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method.The PCA method is used to reduce the dimension of the preset evaluation indexes related to the input and output of operational performance, then the principal component evaluation indexes with strong representative and weak correlation are generated. After that, the pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and comprehensive efficiency of regional logistics enterprise network outlets are calculated by using the C2R model of DEA method, and taking the 12 network outlets of logistics enterprises with relatively poor operational quality in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province as samples, the input and output index data at each outlet in October 2021 were analyzed statistically to evaluate their operational performance, the results show that the pure technical efficiency in the 12 outlets is lower than the average scale efficiency; of the 12 outlets, the 5 outlets are 1 in terms of comprehensive efficiency which indicates effective input and output efficiency and good operation; the 3 outlets are in the declining situation that means the efficiency of using the input resources is low; the other 4 outlets are at increasing trend returns about the scale benefit, the pure technical efficiency is lower than the scale efficiency, and there are problems that management and technology factors affect the production efficiency. According to the evaluation results, the direction of operational optimization in the enterprise is to reduce the scale and to improve the level of managerial technology.
Keywords:regional logistics; PCA method; DEA method; performance evaluation; logistics enterprise network outlets
