商用车发动机活塞的发展趋势

林风华^1,2，石小明^1，2，刘世英1,2

1.滨州渤海活塞有限公司，山东 滨州  256602；2.山东省发动机活塞摩擦副重点实验室，山东 滨州  256602

摘要：根据发动机发展趋势以及活塞的结构特点，分析铝合金活塞和钢活塞强化措施和强化部位；从发动机效率提升角度分析活塞轻量化和活塞及其组件间的匹配性。分析结果表明：活塞本体以及特殊部位强化是高强化活塞的发展方向，强化后活塞承受最高爆发压力可达到30 MPa；活塞轻量化、低压缩高度设计、低摩擦磨损设计、头部隔热涂层的应用以及活塞冷却的精细化管理，能够提高发动机热效率，是未来商用车发动机活塞的发展趋势。该分析可以为内燃机活塞行业的发展提供参考。

关键词：活塞；高强化；低油耗；热效率；发展趋势

Development trend of piston for commercial vehicle engine

LIN Fenghua^1,2，SHI Xiaoming^1,2, LIU Shiying^1,2

1.Binzhou Bohai Piston Co.,Ltd., Binzhou 256602, China;

2.Shandong Key Laboratory of Engine Piston Friction Pairs, Binzhou 256602, China

Abstract：According to the development demand of engine and the structural characteristics of piston, the strengthening methods and strengthening parts of aluminum alloy piston and steel piston are analyzed.The light weight of piston and the matching between piston and its components are analyzed from the perspective of engine thermal efficiency improvement.The results show that strengthening of piston body and its special parts is the development direction of high strengthening piston. After strengthening, the maximum burst pressure of the piston can reach 30 MPa.The engine thermal efficiency can be improved by means of piston lightweight, low compression height design, piston low friction and wear design, application of head thermal insulation coating and fine management of piston cooling, which is the development trend of commercial vehicle engine piston in the future.The analysis can provide reference for the development of piston.

Keywords:piston; high strength;low fuel consumption; thermal efficiency; development trend