重型商用车氢内燃机增压技术挑战及发展趋势
赵训虎，张恭硕，朱思鹏*，白书战，李国祥
山东大学核科学与能源动力学院，山东 济南 250061
摘要：为助力我国重型商用车节能减排战略的深入实施，推动氢内燃机技术的产业化进程，系统分析单级增压、两级增压及辅助增压技术在重型商用车氢内燃机中的应用现状，对比分析不同增压方案在稳态稀燃能力、低速转矩、瞬态响应、海拔适应性及NOx排放控制方面的差异，总结氢内燃机增压系统的匹配设计与协同控制思路，并展望其发展趋势。结果表明：单级可变截面增压技术受压气机工作范围限制；电辅助增压方案可显著改善系统瞬态响应能力；两级增压系统具备优异的高海拔功率保持能力但系统结构复杂；机械复合增压系统在瞬态性能与排放控制方面表现出综合优势；增压技术的发展将继续围绕提高性能、降低成本、增强系统集成度等核心目标展开。
关键词：氢内燃机；稀薄燃烧；增压系统；复合增压；瞬态响应；NOx排放
Challenges and development trends of boosting technologies for hydrogen internal combustion engines in heavy-duty commercial vehicles
ZHAO Xunhu, ZHANG Gongshuo, ZHU Sipeng*, BAI Shuzhan, LI Guoxiang
School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Abstract: To support the in-depth implementation of China′s energy-saving and emission-reduction strategy for heavy-duty commercial vehicles and advance the industrialization of hydrogen internal combustion engine technology, this study systematically analyzes the current applications of single-stage turbocharging, two-stage turbocharging, and auxiliary turbocharging technologies in hydrogen internal combustion engines for heavy-duty commercial vehicles. It conducts a comparative analysis of performance differences among various turbocharging schemes in terms of steady-state lean-burn capability, low-speed torque, transient response, high-altitude adaptability, and NOxemission control. The study summarizes matching design and coordinated control approaches for hydrogen internal combustion engine turbocharging systems and forecasts their development trends. The findings indicate that single-stage variable geometry turbocharging technology is constrained by the operational range of the compressor; electric-assisted turbocharging can significantly improve transient response performance; two-stage turbocharging systems offer excellent high-altitude power retention but involve greater system complexity; mechanical compound turbocharging systems demonstrate superior overall advantages in transient performance and emission control; and the advancement of turbocharging technology will continue to focus on core objectives such as performance enhancement, cost reduction, and system integration improvement.
Keywords: hydrogen internal combustion engine; lean-burn combustion; boosting system; compound boosting; transient response; NOx emission
