缸内直喷汽油机喷油器参数的设计与优化
宫艳峰1，王泽宇2，张连方1，王慧3*，李莹1，刘景阳3，刘铭礼1
1.中国第一汽车集团有限公司，吉林 长春 130000；
2.天津特瑞捷动力科技有限公司，天津 300072；
3.天津内燃机研究所（天津摩托车技术中心），天津 300072
摘要：为改善某缸内直喷汽油机的燃烧和排放特性，通过改变喷射压力、喷孔直径、喷孔数及靶点位置等参数，研究喷油器参数对喷雾质量、油气混合均匀性、缸内燃烧过程及排放特性的影响，提出减少孔数–增大孔径–优化靶点位置的优化方案，并进行试验验证。结果表明：将喷射压力升高至50 MPa可细化喷雾颗粒，但在相同喷孔直径下会因喷油持续期缩短导致油气混合不充分；将喷孔直径由0.103 mm缩小至0.095 mm，可优化缸内油气混合与燃烧效率，但该喷孔加工难度大，成品率低；减少孔数–增大孔径–优化靶点位置的改进方案可有效改善缸内燃烧过程，并降低排放。
关键词：缸内直喷汽油机；喷油器；结构参数；燃烧特性；排放特性
Design and optimization of fuel injector parameters for a gasoline direct injection engine
GONG Yanfeng1, WANG Zeyu2, ZHANG Lianfang1, WANG Hui3*, LI Ying1, LIU Jingyang3, LIU Mingli1
1.China FAW Group Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China;
2.Tianjin Trumpjet Power Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300072, China;
3.Tianjin Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute (Tianjin Motorcycle Technology Center), Tianjin 300072, China
Abstract: To improve the combustion and emission performance of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, the effects of the injector on spray quality, air-fuel mixing, in-cylinder combustion process and emission characteristics is studied by changing parameters such as injection pressure, nozzle hole diameter, hole number, and target position. An optimization scheme of reducing the number of nozzles, increasing the nozzle diameter, and optimizing the target position is proposed, and experimental verification is conducted. The results show that increasing injection pressure to 50 MPa can refine spray particles, but insufficient mixing occurs due to shortened injection duration at the same hole diameter. Reducing the hole diameter from 0.103 mm to 0.095 mm optimizes mixing and combustion efficiency, yet poses challenges in machining and yield. The improvement scheme of reducing the number of nozzles, increasing the nozzle diameter, and optimizing the target position can effectively improve the in-cylinder combustion process, and reduce emissions.
Keywords: GDI engine; injector; structure parameter; combustion characteristics; emission characteristics
