基于TOPSIS的公路施工机械可靠性与维护性评价

王维力¹，许金栋²，王保平^1,3，陈哲^1,3*，魏家宁¹

1.山东交通学院工程机械学院，山东 济南  250357；2.山推工程机械股份有限公司，山东 济宁  272073；

3.交通建设装备技术与智慧施工山东省工程研究中心，山东 济南  250357

摘要：为解决公路施工机械可靠性与维护性评价中存在模糊性高、评价信息难以量化的问题，从设备使用性、维护便利性、使用耐久性和设备保障性4个维度构建公路施工机械评价指标体系，融合决策专家评价信息，采用粗糙集方法建立决策矩阵，采用熵权法确定各评价指标的权重区间并建立加权评价模型，采用改进区间数的逼近理想解排序法（technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS）计算某省高速公路区段改扩建项目中推土机可靠性与维护性加权评价模型备选方案A1~A6的贴近系数。结果表明：备选推土机A3为评价最优选择方案，所代表的推土机的可靠性与维护性最高，该算法的评价结果客观反映各备选方案在可靠性与维护性方面的差异；对评价算法进行敏感性分析，乐观指数由0.1增至0.9时，A3均为最优选择方案，验证了该算法在不同决策偏好下的稳健性；当乐观指数为0.5时，A3的贴近系数与其他备选方案的贴近系数之差最大，各备选方案评价结果优劣区分度最明显，表明该条件下算法具有较高辨识能力。

关键词：可靠性；维护性；TOPSIS；施工机械；评价指标体系；决策矩阵

Reliability and maintainability evaluation of highway construction machinery based on TOPSIS

WANG Weili¹, XU Jindong², WANG Baoping^1,3, CHEN Zhe^1,3*, WEI Jianing¹

1. School of Construction Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China;

2. Shantui Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., Jining 272073, China;

3. Shandong Engineering Research Center for Traffic Construction Equipment Technology and Intelligent Construction, Jinan 250357, China

Abstract: To solve the problems of high fuzziness and difficulty in quantifying evaluation information in the reliability and maintainability evaluation of highway construction machinery, an evaluation index system for highway construction machinery is constructed from four dimensions: equipment usability, maintenance convenience, usage durability, and equipment supportability. By integrating decision expert evaluation information, a decision matrix is established using the rough set method, the entropy weight method is adopted to determine the weight intervals of each evaluation index and establish a weighted evaluation model, and a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) based on improved interval numbers is employed to calculate the closeness coefficients of alternative schemes A1-A6 within the weighted evaluation model for the reliability and maintainability of bulldozers in a highway section reconstruction and expansion project in a certain province. The results indicate that alternative scheme A3 is identified as the optimal evaluation choice, representing the bulldozer with the highest reliability and maintainability. The evaluation results of this algorithm objectively reflect the differences among alternative schemes in terms of reliability and maintainability. Sensitivity analysis of the evaluation algorithm shows that when the optimism index increases from 0.1 to 0.9, alternative scheme A3 remains the optimal choice in all cases, verifying the robustness of this algorithm under different decision preferences. When the optimism index is 0.5, the difference between the closeness coefficient of alternative scheme A3 and those of other alternative schemes is maximized, and the distinction of evaluation results among alternative schemes is most obvious, indicating that the algorithm has high discriminative capability under this condition.

Keywords: reliability; maintainability; TOPSIS; construction machinery; evaluation index system; decision matrix