氢燃料电池特斯拉阀型极板流动分析及性能研究

解雅雯¹，吕承举²，刘洋洋¹，王一鸣¹，陈忠言³，李新海^1*

1.山东建筑大学机电工程学院，山东 济南  250101；2.山东省交通科学研究院，山东 济南  250031；

3.山东氢探新能源科技有限公司，山东 济南  250109

摘要：为了改善质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell，PEMFC）双极板流场的压力与温度分布，提高PEMFC的功率密度，设计基于特斯拉阀的双极板结构，基于AVL FIRETM M构建三维多物理场耦合模型，采用控制变量法，对比特斯拉阀夹角、单元间距、流道间距等影响流道结构的关键几何参数对流道压降、温差、最高温度的影响。结果表明：较小的流道间距（6.0～7.0 mm）有利于强化流道脊下传质；较短的单元间距（1.0 mm）能够引入高频流动扰动；适中的特斯拉阀夹角（125°～130°）可在可控压降范围内形成增强传质的涡旋结构。三者协同构建出高效自扰动流场，优先保障反应物供应，强化局域传热传质，提高PEMFC的功率密度与运行稳定性。

关键词：PEMFC；特斯拉阀；双极板；涡流；极化曲线

Flow analysis and performance study of Tesla valve-type electrodes in hydrogen fuel cells

XIE Yawen¹, LÜChengju², LIU Yangyang¹, WANG Yiming¹, CHEN Zhongyan³, LI Xinhai^1*

1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China;

2.Shandong Transportation Research Institute, Jinan 250031, China；

3.Shandong Fuel Cell Power in Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250109, China

Abstract: To improve the pressure and temperature distribution within the bipolar plate flow field of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), thereby enhancing its thermal management performance, a bipolar plate structure based on the Tesla valve is designed. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled model is constructed based on AVL FIRETM M, and the variable control method is employed to compare the influence of key geometric parameters such as Tesla valve angle, unit spacing, and channel spacing on pressure drop, temperature difference, and maximum temperature as the flow channel structure varied. The results indicate that a smaller channel spacing (6.0-7.0 mm) facilitates enhanced mass transfer under the ribs, a shorter unit spacing (1.0 mm) introduces high-frequency flow disturbances, and a moderate Tesla valve angle (125°-130°) generates vortex structures that improve mass transfer within a controllable pressure drop range. These three factors work synergistically to firm an efficient self-disturbing flow field, which prioritizes reactant supply and actively strengthens local heat and mass transfer, thereby improving the power density and operational stability of the PEMFC.

Keywords: PEMFC; Tesla valve; bipolar plate; vortex; polarization curve