巴音沟隧道施工监测技术与难点研究

肖成帅，卢发亮^*

山东交通学院交通土建工程学院，山东 济南  250357

摘要：为在隧道工程施工期及运营初期精确掌握围岩与支护结构的动态响应、及时识别潜在失稳风险、验证设计合理性并指导安全施工，避免因变形失控、突发性地质灾害导致工程事故、工期延误和成本剧增，采用系统化、高精度的现场监测方法，采用全站仪进行隧道拱顶沉降和周边收敛、地表沉降的连续非接触式测量，精确捕捉空间变形；通过自动化数据采集系统与专业分析软件，对海量监测数据进行实时传输、处理、可视化与预警分析。监测数据结果表明：隧道开挖后围岩变形随施工推进从急剧变化到缓慢变化再到基本稳定的三阶段变化规律，验证设计支护参数在大部分区段的适用性，但在特定软弱围岩区段设计支护强度不足。对隧道监测测点易失效、施工交叉干扰大、环境潮湿粉尘多等问题，采取加固保护测点、优化工序减少干扰、选用耐环境设备并加强校准等措施，同时建立实时系统进行动态分析与预警，确保数据可靠并指导施工安全。

关键词：隧道工程；监测；拱顶沉降；周边收敛；地表沉降

Construction monitoring measurement technology and challenges of Bayingou Tunnel

XIAO Chengshuai, LU Faliang^*

School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China

Abstract: To accurately monitor the dynamic response of surrounding rock and support structures during tunnel construction and early operation phases, promptly identify potential instability risks, validate design rationality, and guide safe construction practices, systematic and high-precision on-site monitoring methods are implemented. Total station instruments are employed for continuous non-contact measurement of tunnel crown settlement, surrounding convergence, and surface settlement to precisely capture spatial deformation. Combined with geophysical radar for early detection of adverse geological formations ahead, automated data acquisition systems and specialized analysis software enable real-time transmission, processing, visualization, and early warning analysis of massive monitoring data. Post-excavation monitoring data indicate that the deformation of the surrounding rock after tunnel excavation follows a three-stage change pattern, transitioning from rapid change to slow change and finally to basic stability as construction progresses. This validates the applicability of the designed support parameters in most sections, but indicates insufficient support strength in specific weak surrounding rock sections. To address challenges including vulnerable monitoring points, significant construction interference, and humid dust environments, measures such as reinforcing protection points, optimizing workflows to reduce interference, selecting environment-resistant equipment, and enhancing calibration are adopted. A real-time monitoring system is established for dynamic analysis and early warning, ensuring data reliability and guiding construction safety.

Keywords: tunnel engineering; monitor; vault settlement; peripheral convergence; surface settlement