喷油器结构和喷射压力对柴油机性能的影响

郑昊鹏¹，赵培山^2*，杨加成²，韩方翠²，孙成磊²，唐长明²，陆士程²

1.中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇八研究所舰船综合保障事业部，山东 青岛  266000；

2.中国石油集团济柴动力有限公司，山东 济南  250306

摘要：为实现喷油系统与柴油机的最佳匹配，提高柴油机的排放性、经济性和动力性，基于某柴油机喷油器的定型试验，通过改变喷油器的喷射压力和喷孔结构，试验研究喷油器的喷射压力和喷孔结构对柴油机性能的影响。结果表明：喷油器的喷油压力和喷孔结构对燃油的喷射方式和雾化特性具有决定性影响；在柴油机高转速区间，提高喷油器的喷射压力可以细化并改善燃油的雾化形态，从而提高燃烧效率并有效降低柴油机的燃油消耗率；在低转速区间，相同喷射压力下，使用喷孔直径较小的喷油器时，柴油机燃油消耗率相对较低，说明该工况喷油器的结构参数对燃油消耗率的影响更大。

关键词：船用增压柴油机；喷油器；喷射压力；结构参数；选型试验

Influence of injector configuration and injection pressure on a diesel engine performance

ZHENG Haopeng¹, ZHAO Peishan^2*, YANG Jiacheng², HAN Fangcui², SUN Chenglei², TANG Changming², LU Shicheng²

1. Marine Comprehensive Support Division, No. 708 Research Institute, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Qingdao 266000, China;

2. CNPC Jichai Power Company Limited, Jinan 250306, China

Abstract: To achieve optimal matching between the fuel injection system and the diesel engine, and to improve the engine emissions, fuel economy, and performance, based on the design validation testing of a specific diesel engine injector, this study experimentally investigates the influence of injection pressure and nozzle orifice configuration on diesel engine performance by systematically varying these parameters. The results indicate that the injection pressure and nozzle geometry are decisive factors governing fuel spray pattern and atomization characteristics. Within the high-speed operating range of the engine, increasing the injection pressure improves fuel atomization, enhances combustion efficiency, and effectively reduces the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Conversely, in the low-speed range under identical injection pressure, injectors with smaller orifice diameters yield relatively lower BSFC, suggesting that the structural parameters of the injector exert a more pronounced influence on fuel consumption in this operational regime.

Keywords: marine turbocharged diesel engine; fuel injector; injection pressure; structural parameters of fuel injector; selection test