无人机动力系统技术方案对比分析

刘震涛¹，符字简¹，高健²，夏娟¹

1.浙江大学能源工程学院，浙江 杭州  310027；2.中国兵器工业集团有限公司，北京  100032

摘要：为辨析当前主流无人机动力技术的特点与应用前景，简要介绍无人机技术的发展历程，针对当前行业对提高无人机续航、效率与可靠性的核心需求，通过构建多维度的评价体系，系统对比分析纯电动力、燃油动力、混合动力三大主流无人机动力技术方案。结果表明：无人机动力技术已呈现多元化、场景化发展趋势；纯电动力系统凭借高可靠性、低噪声的优势主导中小型无人机市场；燃油动力系统的能量密度较高，在长航时、大载质量任务中具有不可替代性；混合动力作为新兴技术方向，有效融合了纯电动力和燃油动力系统的优势，有望突破现有续航瓶颈，推动无人机动力系统向更高效、更清洁、更智能的方向发展。

关键词：无人机；动力系统；燃油动力；电力驱动；混合动力

Comparative analysis of technical solutions for UAV power systems

LIU Zhentao¹, FU Zijian¹, GAO Jian², XIA Juan¹

1. College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;

2. China North Industries Group Corporation, Beijing 100032, China

Abstract: To clarify the characteristics and prospects of mainstream unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) power technologies, this study outlines the development of UAV technology, in response to industry needs for improved endurance, efficiency, and reliability, a multidimensional evaluation framework is constructed to compare electric, fuel-powered, and hybrid systems. The results indicate that UAV power technologies are becoming increasingly diversified and scenario-driven. Electric systems, with high reliability and low noise, dominate small-and medium-scale UAVs; fuel-powered systems, due to their high energy density, remain indispensable for long-endurance and heavy-payload tasks; hybrid systems, integrating the strengths of both, show strong potential for breaking endurance limitations and advancing UAV power systems toward higher efficiency and intelligence.

Keywords: UAV; power system; fuel power; electric propulsion; hybrid power