基于模拟PID的电子调速器控制设计

曹钰¹，周琴²，李胜²，李亚洲²，徐茂²

1.重庆财经职业学院，重庆  402160；2.重庆红江机械有限责任公司，重庆  402160

摘要：为解决传统机械调速器难以满足现代柴油机性能需求的问题，通过运算放大器构建比例积分微分（proportion integration differentiation，PID）电路，集成转速采集模块、转速设定模块、PID调速模块和功率放大模块，设计一种基于模拟PID控制的多功能无差式电子调速控制器，采用硬件电路实现起动油量控制、怠速/额定工况切换及PID参数独立调节，并结合突加、突卸负载工况台架试验验证调速器控制性能。台架试验结果表明：突加、突卸负载工况下转速波动率不大于0.2%，稳态调速率为0，瞬态调速率小于7%，突加、突卸负载工况的稳定时间约为6~7 s，性能满足二级调速性能指标，该控制器结构简洁、抗干扰强，具有一定的工程应用价值。

关键词：PID；柴油机；多功能复用；电子调速器；控制器

Design of electronic speed controller based on analog PID

CAO Yu¹, ZHOU Qin², LI Sheng², LI Yazhou², XU Mao²

1.Chongqing College of Finance and Economics, Chongqing 402160, China；

2.Chongqing Hongjiang Machinery Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402160, China

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the traditional mechanical governor can hardly meet the performance requirements of modern diesel engines, a proportional integration differentiation (PID) circuit is constructed through operational amplifiers. The circuit includes speed setting module, PID speed regulation module and power amplification module, a multi-functional zero difference electronic governor controller based on analog PID control is designed. Hardware circuit is used to realize the control of starting oil quantity, the switching of idle/rated working condition and the independent adjustment of PID parameters. The test bench test combined with sudden load and sudden unloading working condition verifies the speed regulator control performance. The test bench results show that the speed fluctuation rate is not more than 0.2% under the sudden load and sudden unloading working condition, the steady-state speed regulation rate is 0, the transient speed regulation rate is less than 7%, and stable time of the sudden negative load working condition is about 6~7 s, and the performance meets the secondary speed regulation performance index. The controller has a simple structure and anti-interference ability, and has certain engineering application value.

Keywords: PID; diesel engine; multi-functional reuse; electronic governor; controller