醇类燃料在发动机和燃料电池上的应用

马宗正¹，袁月龙^1,2，王赛飞³

1.河南工程学院机械工程学院，河南 郑州  451191；2.中原工学院智能机电工程学院，河南 郑州  450007；

3.郑州工业应用技术学院机电工程学院，河南 郑州  451150

摘要：为提高发动机燃烧效率并有效降低污染物排放，总结甲醇、乙醇、丁醇等醇类燃料的理化特性，综述醇类燃料对发动机及燃料电池性能的影响。分析结果表明：醇类燃料能有效降低发动机污染物排放、提高燃烧效率；醇类燃料对双燃料发动机性能的影响因工况而异，通过协同优化燃料喷射策略与废气再循环率，可有效提高发动机综合性能；当甲醇、乙醇用作燃料电池燃料时，需改善质子交换膜的渗透率；采用重整制氢技术时，应综合考量催化剂成本。

关键词：醇类燃料；燃料电池；代用燃料；双燃料发动机

Applications of alcohol fuels in engines and fuel cells

MA Zongzheng¹, YUAN Yuelong^1,2, WANG Saifei³

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China;

2. School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China;

3. School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 451150, China

Abstract: To improve engine combustion efficiency and effectively reduce pollutant emissions, the physicochemical properties of alcohol fuels, such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol, and the impacts of alcohol fuels on the performance of engines and fuel cells are summarized. The analysis results show that alcohol fuels can reduce engine pollutant emissions and improve combustion efficiency. And the impact of alcohol fuels on the performance of dual-fuel engines varies with operating conditions, and the comprehensive performance of engines can be effectively improved by synergistically optimizing the fuel injection strategy and EGR rate. When methanol and ethanol are used as fuel cell fuels, the permeability of the proton exchange membrane needs to be improved. The cost of catalysts should be comprehensively considered when the reformed methanol fuel cell is used.

Keywords:alcohol fuel; fuel cell; alternative fuel; dual-fuel engine