基于三维扫描技术的超高墩柱施工变形研究

吴国华¹，马文龙¹，展玉华¹，董舒静¹，赵瑜隆^1,2*

1.山东交通学院交通土建工程学院，山东 济南  250357；

2.山东省智能建造装备关键技术与系统重点实验室，山东 济南  250357

摘要：为解决超高墩柱在传统液压爬模施工工艺中存在的变形问题，采用一种液压爬模系统定位方法，按施工方案定位、组装支架，初步装配液压爬模。采用三维扫描技术对墩柱定位进行复测和微调，确保液压爬模系统能精确安装到位；以点法向量夹角、曲率差异等参数作为分割准则，采用优化区域生长算法进行墩柱点云平面分割，将获得的关键点三维点云数据转换至二维平面，通过线性拟合等确定坐标范围，反算对应三维空间中墩柱控制点坐标；采用软件Revit建立墩柱三维模型并进行平面分割，分析z轴方向上4个平面的变形情况，每个平面提取66个特征点坐标，采用最小二乘法进行曲面拟合与变形量计算。结果表明：4个平面在x轴方向的实际变形与设计变形的最大相对差为0.003 0 cm，施工过程中墩柱变形较小，满足施工控制要求，通过三维扫描技术可较好地预测墩柱在施工过程中的变形。

关键词：三维扫描技术；超高墩柱；三维模型；变形

Construction deformation of ultra-high piers based on 3D scanning technology

WU Guohua¹, MA Wenlong¹, ZHAN Yuhua¹, DONG Shujing¹, ZHAO Yulong^1,2*

1.School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China;

2.Shandong Key Laboratory of Technologies and Systems for Intelligent Construction Equipment, Jinan 250357, China

Abstract: To address the deformation issues of ultra-high pier columns in traditional hydraulic climbing formwork construction techniques, a hydraulic climbing formwork system positioning method is adopted. The support frame is positioned and assembled according to the construction plan, and the hydraulic climbing formwork is initially assembled. Three-dimensional scanning technology is used to re-measure and fine-tune the positioning of the pier columns, ensuring that the hydraulic climbing formwork system can be accurately installed. Using parameters such as the angle between point normal vectors and curvature differences as segmentation criteria, an optimized region growing algorithm is employed for plane segmentation of the point cloud of the pier columns. The obtained key three-dimensional point cloud data is converted to a two-dimensional plane, and the coordinate range is determined through linear fitting, which is then used to reverse calculate the coordinates of the control points of the pier columns in three-dimensional space. The software Revit is used to establish a three-dimensional model of the pier columns and perform plane segmentation, analyzing the deformation of four planes in the z direction. For each plane, 66 feature point coordinates are extracted, and the least squares method is used for surface fitting and deformation calculation. The results indicate that the maximum relative difference between the actual deformation and the designed deformation in the x direction for the four planes is 0.003 0 cm. The deformation of the pier columns during construction is minimal, meeting the construction control requirements. Through three-dimensional scanning technology, the deformation of pier columns during the construction process can be effectively predicted.

Keywords: 3D scanning technology; ultra-high pier column; 3D model; deformation