光伏–锂电池混合能源管理系统设计与仿真

傅泽浩¹，黑月凯²，张强^1*

1.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院，山东 济南  250061；2.山东四季汽车服务有限公司，山东 济南   250000

摘要：针对传统光伏能源汽车充电困难、续驶里程短的问题，提出一种能够在复杂环境条件下实现自动化管理的光伏电池与锂电池混合能源管理系统。在MATLAB-Simulink中构建包含光伏电池模型和锂电池模型的混合能源系统模型，采用最大功率点跟踪（maximum power point tracking，MPPT）算法优化太阳能的转化效率，利用比例积分（proportional integral，PI）控制器和双向直流（direct current，DC）/DC变换电路实现锂电池的充放电自动转换功能，仿真分析不同辐照度下光伏电池发电功率对锂电池充电的影响，并在特定的环境条件下评估能量管理策略的响应能力。仿真结果表明：系统可以根据电动汽车的需求，在光照充足时对锂电池进行充电；光照微弱时，对锂电池进行放电。光伏MPPT算法提高了太阳能的利用率；在复杂环境条件下，该系统能够实现高效的能量管理，提高了系统的稳定性和鲁棒性。

关键词：光伏电池；锂电池；辐照度；荷电状态；电动汽车

Design and simulation of a hybrid energy management system for a photovoltaic-lithium battery

FU Zehao¹, HEI Yuekai², ZHANG Qiang^1*

1.School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;

2.Shandong Siji Automobile Service Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China

Abstract: A hybrid energy management system combining photovoltaic cells and lithium batteries is proposed to address the problems of difficult charging and short range of traditional photovoltaic energy vehicles. This system aims to achieve automated management under complex environmental conditions. In MATLAB-Simulink, a hybrid energy system model integrating a photovoltaic model and a lithium battery model are developed. The maximum power point tracking(MPPT) algorithm is employed to enhance the conversion efficiency of solar energy, while the proportional integral controller and the bi-directional DC/DC controller are utilized to optimize the conversion efficiency of solar energy. The effect of the photovoltaic power on the charging of the lithium battery under different irradiance is simulated and analyzed, and the responsiveness of the energy management strategy under specific environmental conditions is evaluated. The simulation results show that the system can charge the lithium battery when there is sufficient light, and discharge the lithium battery when there is weak light, according to the demand of electric vehicles. MPPT algorithm improves the utilization rate of solar energy under complex environmental conditions, the system is able to realize efficient energy management and improve the stability and robustness of the system.

Keywords: photovoltaic cell; lithium battery; irradiance; SOC; electric vehicle