附加式二维声学黑洞减振特性

邢其森¹，徐传燕^1*，黄显利¹，李永生²，王帅杰¹，刘润达¹，刘永利¹

1.山东交通学院汽车工程学院，山东 济南  250357；2.山东省高速养护集团有限公司，山东 济南  250357

摘要：为研究附加式二维声学黑洞（two-dimensional acoustic black holes，2DABH）的减振降噪效果，以二维框架、发动机标准块为研究对象分别模拟低刚度和高刚度结构，采用COMSOL仿真软件对二维框架、发动机标准块进行模态分析，确定框架结构、发动机标准块的振动能量多集中在结构各角位置。对二维框架、发动机标准块能量密度较高区域安装附加式2DABH结构后不同频段下的振动特性进行试验分析，试验结果表明：二维框架安装2DABH后，振动频率为80~2 048 Hz对应的振幅衰减率为45.7%；发动机标准块安装2DABH后，振动频率为3 000~8 192 Hz对应的振幅衰减率为29.4%；附加式2DABH对二维框架与发动机标准块均有较好的减振效果，附加式2DABH在高频段的减振效果明显优于其他频段。

关键词：2DABH；衰减率；减振降噪；能量密度

The vibration reduction characteristics of additional two-dimensional acoustic black holes

XING Qisen¹, XU Chuanyan^1*, HUANG Xianli¹, LI Yongsheng², WANG Shuaijie¹, LIU Runda¹, LIU Yongli¹

1.School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China; 

2.Shandong High Speed Maintenance Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250357, China

Abstract: In order to study the vibration reduction and noise reduction of the additional two-dimensional acoustic black hole (2DABH), the two-dimensional frame and the engine standard block are used as research objects to simulate low-stiffness and high-stiffness structures respectively. The COMSOL simulation software is used to carry out modal analysis on the two-dimensional frame and the engine standard block. It is determined that the vibration energy of the frame structure and the engine standard block is mainly concentrated at each corner position of the structure. The vibration characteristics of the two frame and the engine standard block with high energy density after installing the additional 2DABH structure are analyzed by experiments in different frequency bands. The experimental results show that the amplitude decay rate corresponding to the vibration frequency of 80~2 048 Hz is 45.7% when the two-dimensional frame is installed with 2DABH; the amplitude decay rate corresponding to the vibration frequency of 300~8 192 Hz is 29.4% when the engine standard block is installed with 2DABH; the additional 2DABH has a good vibration reduction effect on both the two-dimensional frame and engine standard block, and the vibration reduction effect of the additional 2DABH in the high frequency band is significantly better than that in other frequency bands.

Keywords: 2DABH; attenuation rate; vibration reduction and noise reduction; energy density