基于交通仿真的高速公路交通事故拥堵排放特性
武青青，余雪，高超，齐蕊，刘华龙，王健
山东交通学院交通与物流工程学院，山东 济南 250357
摘要：为分析高速公路上由交通事故造成的交通流拥堵状态的车辆尾气污染物排放特性，采用微观仿真软件VISSIM仿真高速公路交通流拥堵状态和流畅状态的车辆运行数据，基于比功率（vehicle specific power，VSP）的车辆尾气污染物排放测算模型计算2种状态下不同车型的尾气污染物排放量，并进行对比分析，通过综合移动源排放模型（motor vehicle emission simulator，MOVES）验证基于VSP排放测算结果的准确性。结果表明：拥堵状态下不同车型车辆加速工况的尾气污染物排放量大于减速与怠速工况；交通流拥堵状态下车辆CO、NOx、HC与CO2的排放量约为流畅状态下的1.86、1.86、2.15、2.01倍，高速公路交通事故拥堵状态下的尾气污染物排放量远高于流畅状态；2种模型对4类尾气污染物排放测算结果较接近，相对平均偏差较小。
关键词：高速公路；交通事故；拥堵；尾气排放；微观仿真；VSP
Emission characteristics of highway traffic accident congestion based on traffic simulation
WU Qingqing, YU Xue, GAO Chao, QI Rui, LIU Hualong, WANG Jian
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China
Abstract: To analyze the emission characteristics of vehicle exhaust pollutants under congested highway traffic conditions caused by traffic accidents, microscopic simulation software VISSIM is used to simulate vehicle operation data under both congested and smooth traffic conditions on highways. The vehicle specific power (VSP)-based emission calculation model is employed to compute the exhaust emissions of different vehicle types under these two conditions, and a comparative analysis is performed. The accuracy of the VSP-based emission calculation results is verified using the motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES). The results show that: under congested conditions, the exhaust emissions of vehicles during acceleration are higher than those during deceleration and idling; The emissions of CO, NOx, HC, and CO2under congested traffic conditions are approximately 1.86, 1.86, 2.15, and 2.01 times higher, respectively, than those under smooth traffic conditions. The emissions under highway traffic accident congestion are significantly higher than under smooth conditions; the calculation results of the two models for the four types of exhaust pollutants are relatively close, with a small relative average deviation.
Keywords: highway; traffic accident; congestion; exhaust emission; microscopic simulation; VSP
