电动汽车电机再生制动模糊控制设计

徐泽，周长峰^*，周壮，董培阳

山东交通学院汽车工程学院，山东 济南  250357

摘要：为提高电动汽车再生制动能量，分析制动力及制动力分配方式，选取理想制动力分配曲线I曲线、 固定分配线β线进行制动效果仿真对比；根据汽车制动要求制定模糊规则，结合制动强度、车速和电池荷电状态确定电机制动力分配因数；采用MATLAB/Simulink建立制动模型，对比I曲线、β线的再生制动效果，并以新欧洲行驶循环（new European driving cycle,NEDC）工况的制动部分进行验证。仿真结果表明：在制动强度为0.5时，I曲线与β线制动效果差距较小；在制动强度为0.8时，I曲线与β线制动效果相同；车速为50 km/h，制动强度为0.5时，采用模糊规则控制分配制动力，β线比I曲线电机制动能量高8.78%；NEDC工况下I曲线与β线的制动总能量变化一致，β线电机制动能量比I曲线高13.58%。采用β线制动力分配方式可以提高电机再生制动能量，有效实现能量回收。

关键词：I曲线；β线；再生制动；模糊控制

Fuzzy control design for regenerative braking of an electric vehicle motor

XU Ze, ZHOU Changfeng^*, ZHOU Zhuang, DONG Peiyang

School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China

Abstract: To enhance the regenerative braking energy of an electric vehicle, the braking force and its distribution methods are analyzed, and the braking effects of the ideal braking force distribution curve (I curve) and the fixed distribution line (β line) are simulated and compared. Fuzzy rules are established based on braking requirements, the motor braking force distribution factor is determined by considering braking intensity, vehicle speed, and battery state of charge. A braking model is built using MATLAB/Simulink to compare the regenerative braking effects of the I curve and β line, and the braking part of the new European driving cycle (NEDC) is used for validation. Simulation results show that at a braking intensity of 0.5, the difference in braking effect between the I curve and the β line is minimal; at a braking intensity of 0.8, the braking effects of the I curve and the β line are identical. When the vehicle speed is 50 km/h and the braking intensity is 0.5, using fuzzy rule control to distribute braking force, the regenerative braking energy of the β line is 8.78% higher than that of the I curve. Under the NEDC conditions, the total braking energy change of the I curve and the β line is consistent, with the regenerative braking energy of the β line being 13.58% higher than that of the I curve. Adopting the β line braking force distribution method can effectively increase motor regenerative braking energy and achieve efficient energy recovery.

Keywords: I curve; β line; regenerative braking; fuzzy control