渤海湾海上瞬时溢油三维模拟

张明¹，任鸿翔^2*，朱天惠²，周毅³，唐海娜⁴

1.福建船政交通职业学院航海学院，福建 福州  350007；2.大连海事大学航海学院，辽宁 大连  116026；

3.中海油能源发展股份有限公司采油服务分公司，天津  300452；4.中国科学院大学人工智能学院，北京  101478

摘要：为实时模拟及预测渤海湾三维海上溢油的动态特征，采用Mike 21 Flow模型计算渤海水动力潮汐，针对瞬时溢油的扩散和漂移过程，建立海上溢油运动数学模型；采用泊松盘采样算法创建不同直径的油粒子，通过Marching Cube算法重建等值面，模拟实现海上溢油过程，并与真实案例的数据对比。溢油模拟结果表明：所建潮汐流数值模型评估溢油事故船舶位置的海面高程、海流速度和海流方向与观测站数据接近；海上溢油运动数学模型原油运动轨迹与与实际轨迹相似；相较于传统溢油模拟可视化工作局限于二维非交互效果，新方法从三维层面提高溢油模型的物理真实感，为海上搜救模拟器生成溢油事故的三维场景、降低人力和财物成本、为海上溢油应急预案的制定提供直观的信息和依据。

关键词：潮汐建模；溢油模拟；溢油扩散与漂移；溢油可视化

Three-dimensional simulation on instantaneous oil spill in the Bohai Sea Bay

ZHANG Ming¹, REN Hongxiang^2*, ZHU Tianhui², ZHOU Yi³, TANG Haina⁴

1. Maritime College, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou 350007, China;

2. Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;

3. CNOOC Energy Technology and Service-Oil Production Services Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300452, China;

4. School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China

Abstract: To simulate and predict the dynamic characteristics of three-dimensional offshore oil spills in the Bohai Sea Bay in real-time, the Mike 21 Flow model is used to calculate the hydrodynamic tides in the Bohai Sea. A mathematical model of offshore oil spill movement is established to exhibit the diffusion and drift processes of instantaneous oil spills. The Poisson disk sampling algorithm is used to create oil particles of different diameters, and the Marching Cube algorithm is employed to reconstruct iso-surfaces, simulating the offshore oil spill process and comparing it with data from real cases. The results of the oil spill simulation show that the sea surface elevation, current velocity, and direction at the location of the oil spill accident vessel assessed by the tidal flow numerical model are close to the data from observation stations. The trajectory of crude oil movement from the mathematical model of offshore oil spill movement is similar to the actual trajectory. Compared to traditional oil spill simulation visualization limited to two-dimensional non-interactive effects, the new method improves the physical realism of the oil spill model from a three-dimensional perspective. This method helps in generating three-dimensional scenarios of oil spill accidents for offshore search and rescue simulations, reducing manpower and material costs, and providing intuitive information and basis for the formulation of offshore oil spill emergency response plans.

Keywords: tidal modelling; oil spill simulation; the diffusion and drift processe of oil spill; oil spill visualization