基于SPH方法的围油栏仿真研究

刘家齐，焦培刚^*，许云涛

山东交通学院工程机械学院，山东 济南  250357

摘要：为解决计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）方法在模拟围油栏围控溢油时流-固耦合、水-油液体两相流中的不稳定性、计算效率差、将自由表面视为滑移壁且不考虑围油栏移动等问题，基于光滑粒子流体动力学（smoothed particle hydrodynamics，SPH）方法建立适用于围油栏围控溢油的固-液耦合、液体两相流数值模型，将5种不同裙摆结构的围油栏导入两相液体相互作用的数值仿真模型中，通过SPH代码设定数值模拟相关参数，提高计算效率，得到较精确的围油栏滞油长度与溢油失效步长。结果表明：围油栏围控溢油能力与上、下裙摆高度比及裙摆角类型有关，上裙摆高度占比越大，围油栏的滞油表现越好；前折角型围油栏的滞油表现优于前转角型围油栏；滞油长度与油品性质有关，油品的密度和黏度越小，围油栏的滞油长度越大。

关键词：SPH方法；围油栏；固-液耦合；水-油两相流；滞油长度；失效步长

Simulation study on oil containment boom based on SPH method

LIU Jiaqi, JIAO Peigang^*, XU Yuntao

School of Construction Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China

Abstract: A numerical model for solid-liquid coupling and two-phase flow is developed based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to address issues such as flow-solid coupling, instability in two-phase flow of water and oil, poor computational efficiency, and the assumption of a slip wall with no consideration of oil barrier movement in traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for simulating oil spill containment using oil booms. Five different skirt structures of oil booms are incorporated into the numerical simulation model of two-phase liquid interaction. By setting relevant parameters in the SPH code, the computational efficiency is improved, and accurate values for the length of oil retention by the oil boom and the oil spill failure step were obtained. The results show that the effectiveness of oil spill containment by the oil boom depends on the ratio of upper and lower skirt heights and the type of skirt angle. A higher ratio of upper skirt height leads to better oil retention performance. The oil boom with a forward folding skirt angle performs better than the one with a forward turning skirt angle. The length of oil retention is influenced by the properties of the oil; smaller density and viscosity of the oil result in a greater length of oil retention.

Keywords: SPH method; oil boom; solid-liquid coupling; water-oil two-phase flow; length of oil retention; failure step