基于双向航道与泊位资源协调的船舶调度优化

张明¹，任鸿翔²，徐富权^2*，刘国威²，周毅³

1.福建船政交通职业学院航海学院，福建 福州  350007；2.大连海事大学航海学院，辽宁 大连  116026；

3.中海油能源发展股份有限公司采油服务分公司，天津  300452

摘要：为提高双向航道港口船舶进出港调度效率，研究双向航道港口船舶调度优化模型和算法，考虑港口离散型泊位分配和双向航道通航规则等实际情况，以所有船舶总调度时间最短和总等待时间最短为目标，建立双向航道与泊位资源协调优化模型。针对模型中包含大型船舶乘潮进出港、会遇趋势、航道单/双向转换等约束特点，在NSGA-II算法基础上，采用启发式初始化种群策略、两点交叉和单亲交叉等寻优策略，设计求解双向航道与泊位资源协调优化算法。多组算例试验结果表明：改进后的算法在目标寻优和求解时间方面均优于NSGA-II算法，得到的调度方案符合实际调度过程，同先到先服务调度方案相比，总等待时间和总调度时间分别减少68.5%和29.2%，验证了模型和算法的有效性，为双向航道港口船舶进出港调度作业提供借鉴。

关键词：双向航道；泊位分配；船舶调度；多目标优化

Ship scheduling optimization based on bidirectional channel and berth resource coordination

ZHANG Ming¹, REN Hongxiang², XU Fuquan^2*, LIU Guowei², ZHOU Yi³

1.Maritime College, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fuzhou 350007, China;

2.Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;

3.CNOOC Energy Technology and Service-Oil Production Services Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300452, China

Abstract: In order to improve the inbound and outbound scheduling efficiency of bidirectional channel port ship, the optimization model and algorithm of bidirectional channel port ship scheduling are studied. Considering the actual situation of port discrete berth allocation and bidirectional channel navigation rules, the bidirectional channel and berth resource coordination optimization model is established aiming at minimizing the total scheduling time and total waiting time of all ships. Taking the constraint characteristics of large ships′ entering and leaving the port by tide, meeting trend, channel one-way/two-way conversion and so on in the model into account, based on NSGA-II algorithm, a heuristic initialization population strategy, two-point crossover and single-parent crossover optimization strategies are adopted to design and solve the bidirectional channel and berth resource coordination optimization algorithm. The results of multiple examples show that: The improved algorithm is superior to NSGA-II algorithm in both target optimization and solving time, and the scheduling scheme obtained accords with the actual scheduling process; Compared with the first-come first-serve scheduling scheme, the total waiting time and the total scheduling time are reduced by 68.5% and 29.2% respectively, which verifies the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. It provides a reference for the ship inbound and outbound scheduling operation in bidirectional channel ports.

Keywords:bidirectional channel; berth allocation; ship scheduling; multi-objective optimization