重型纯电动商用车能量流分析

张坤，李琦，张佑源

东风柳州汽车有限公司，广西 柳州   545000

摘要：为提高重型纯电动商用车各部件运行效率，降低能量消耗，进行重型商用车瞬态循环，速度分别为80、60、40 km/h等速，4种工况下转毂台架能量流测试试验。结果表明：4种工况下电池包充放电效率为92%~95%，电池包工作稳定且效率较高；微控制器工作效率为94%~98%，电机输出效率为91%~96%，电机能量回收效率约为94.37%，电机运行正常；直流电压转换器转化效率均在85%以上，处于较高水平；油泵在静置状态下的能耗较大，为0.39 kW，其余附件能耗正常。可采用减少油泵压力、优化系统结构、减少油管阻力等措施对油泵进行优化。

关键词：纯电动商用车；能量流；能耗优化

Energy flow analysis of a heavy-duty pure electric commercial vehicle

ZHANG Kun, LI Qi, ZHANG Youyuan

Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545000, China

Abstract：To improve the operational efficiency of components in a heavy-duty pure electric commercial vehicle and reduce energy consumption, energy flow tests are conducted on a hub dynamometer under four steady-state conditions at speeds of 80, 60, and 40 km/h. The results indicate that the battery charge and discharge efficiency ranges from 92% to 95%, demonstrating stable and high efficiency. The microcontroller operates at an efficiency of 94% to 98%, while the motor output efficiency is between 91% and 96%, with a motor energy recovery efficiency of approximately 94.37%, indicating normal motor operation. The conversion efficiency of the DC voltage converter is above 85%, which is at a high level. The energy consumption of the oil pump in a stationary state is relatively high at 0.39 kW, while the energy consumption of other accessories is normal. Optimization measures for the oil pump include reducing pump pressure, optimizing system structure, and minimizing pipe resistance.

Keywords: pure electric commercial vehicle; energy flow; energy consumption optimization