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某柴油机合排冒黑烟及响应慢问题分析与优化

作者:段艳强,史长平,梁毅,高磊,翟光瑞  发布时间:2023-12-12   编辑:赵玉真   审核人:郎伟锋    浏览次数:

某柴油机合排冒黑烟及响应慢问题分析与优化

段艳强1,史长平1,梁毅1,高磊1,翟光瑞2

1.重庆潍柴发动机有限公司,重庆  402262;2.大同北方天力增压技术有限公司,山西 大同  037000

摘要:为解决某沿海拖轮主机合排过程中冒黑烟问题,通过分析确定主要原因为喷油器过度喷油和增压器响应慢导致的燃烧不完全。采取加装限油装置、优化增压器和凸轮轴等措施,将单增压器改为双增压器,增压器转子转动惯量从0.437 kg·m2减小至0.046 kg·m2,将排气门开度增大15°、进气门关闭角减小25°、气门重叠角减小20°,将气门最大升程减小9%,通过台架突加负荷试验和实船试验对优化方案进行验证。台架试验结果表明:转速为350、400、450 r/min时,优化后的突加功率较原机分别提高11.1%~27.3%,转速恢复时间缩短25%~48%,突加负荷时冒烟现象明显改善。实船验证结果表明:柴油机排气烟色肉眼几乎不可见,转速恢复时间大幅缩短,冒烟时长由21 s缩短至9 s,冒黑烟及响应慢的问题得到解决。

关键词:沿海拖轮;合排;冒黑烟;增压器;凸轮轴;过量空气系数

Analysis and optimization of black smoke and slow response from a diesel engine during clutch engaging

DUAN Yanqiang1, SHI Changping1, LIANG Yi1, GAO Lei1, ZHAI Guangrui2

1. Chongqing Weichai Engine Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402262, China;

2.Datong North Tianli Turbocharging Technology Co., Ltd., Datong 037000, China

Abstract:To solve the problem of black smoke emitted during the main engine assembly process of a coastal tugboat, through analysis, it is determined that the main cause is excessive fuel injection by the fuel injector and incomplete combustion caused by slow response of the turbocharger. By installing a fuel limit device, optimizing the turbocharger and camshaft, the single turbocharger is changed by two turbochargers, and the inertia of the turbocharger rotor is reduced from 0.437 kg·m2 to 0.046 kg·m2. The exhaust valve opening increases 15°, intake valve closing decreases 25°, and valve overlap angle decreases 20°, respectively,and the maximum valve lift is reduced by 9%. The optimization scheme is verified through bench sudden load test and actual ship test. The results of the bench test show that at speeds of 350, 400, and 450 r/min, the optimized sudden increase in power increased by 11.1% to 27.3% compared to the original machine, and the speed recovery time shortened by 25% to 48%. The smoke phenomenon during sudden increase in load is significantly improved. The actual ship verification results show that the exhaust smoke color of the diesel engine is almost invisible to the naked eye, the speed recovery time is significantly shortened, and the smoke emission time is reduced from 21 s to 9 s. The problems of black smoke and slow response have been solved.

Keywords:coastal tug; clutch engaging; black smoke; supercharger; camshaft; excess air coefficient

    

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