道路坡度对重型柴油车实际道路排放的影响

张佑源¹，陈雪梅²，玉达泳¹，汪晓伟³，李利斌³，李腾腾^3，4，高涛³，霍永占³

1.东风柳州汽车有限公司，广西 柳州  545500；2.柳州市交通警察支队车辆管理所,广西 柳州  545500；

3.中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司,天津  300300；4.天津大学机械工程学院，天津  300072

摘要：对某最大设计总质量为24.5 t的自卸车，采用发动机在环试验方法，构建整车模型、带坡度的道路模型和驾驶员模型，研究有、无坡度条件下空载和满载车辆的功率和CO₂、NO_x、粒子数量、CO、THC的排放特性。结果表明：有坡度运行时，车辆功率和总排放物增加，但气态污染物排放增加幅度小于功率增加幅度，车辆的气体污染物比排放较低、颗粒物比排放较高；坡度变化影响排温和NO排放，空载时长坡工况易导致NOx排放增加；坡度影响车辆比功率分布，与无坡度相比，有坡度运行车辆的比功率分布更加分散，污染物排放的集中度较低。

关键词：重型柴油车；发动机在环测试；道路坡度；气体污染物；颗粒物；CO₂排放；功率

Effects of road slope on real driving emission characteristics for a heavy-duty diesel vehicle

ZHANG Youyuan¹, CHEN Xuemei², YU Dayong¹, WANG Xiaowei³,

LI Libin³, LI Tengteng^3,4, GAO Tao³, HUO Yongzhan³

1.Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545000, China;

2.Liuzhou Traffic Police Detachment Vehicle Management Office,Liuzhou 545500, China;

3.CATARC Automotive Test Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China;

4.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Abstract：A dump truck with a maximum design total mass of 24 500 kg is selected, and the whole vehicle model, road model with slope and driver model are built with the method of engine in-loop test to study the power of unloaded and fully loaded vehicles with and without slope and the emission characteristics of CO₂, NO_x, particle number, CO and THC. The results show that the operation with slope results in the increase of power and total emissions, but the increase of gaseous pollutant emissions is less than the increase of power, so the gaseous pollutant emissions with gradient are lower than those without slope, and the particulate specific emissions are higher than those without slope. The change of slope affects the exhaust temperature, thus affecting the emission of NO_x. Under no-load conditions, long slope conditions are more likely to increase NO_x, and slope changes affect the distribution of vehicle specific power. Compared with the scenario without slope, the distribution of vehicle specific power with slope is more dispersed, and the concentration of pollutant emissions is lower.

Keywords:heavy duty diesel vehicle; engine in-loop test; road slope; gaseous pollutants emissions; particulate matter; CO₂ emission; power