考虑多因素的夜间交通噪声影响量化方法

魏姗姗，梁璟，王琳

山东省交通科学研究院，山东 济南  250102

摘要：针对夜间交通噪声影响居民生活的问题，采用问卷形式调查居民对夜间交通噪声的主观感受，调查显示居民的主观感受与噪声强度、居民年龄、身体健康状况、房屋是否临街、房龄等因素有关。综合考虑临街区域的夜间声环境功能区类型、夜间交通噪声强度、暴露人口数量及房龄系数等多个因素建立夜间交通噪声影响量化模型。以北京市海淀区某渣土车夜间配送场景为例，分析分别以燃油消耗成本最小、时间成本最小、噪声影响最小为目标的最佳配送路线。结果表明：不同目标下渣土车的最佳配送路线不同，以燃油消耗和时间成本最小为目标时，最佳配送路线的交通噪声影响量均较大；以噪声影响最小为目标时，渣土车配送路线需避开人口密集区域与医疗区域，此时的时间成本和燃油消耗成本相对较高。

关键词：夜间交通噪声；声环境功能区；量化模型；配送路线

A quantitative method of night traffic noise impact considering multiple factors

WEI Shanshan, LIANG Jing, WANG Lin

Shandong Provincial Transportation Institute，Jinan 250102，China

Abstract:In view of the impact of night traffic noise on residents, a questionnaire is used to investigate residents′ subjective feelings about night traffic noise. The survey shows that residents′ subjective feelings are related to noise intensity, residents′ age, residents′ physical health, housing location, the living years of the house and other factors. A quantitative model for the influence of night traffic noise is established by integrating the types of night acoustic environment functional areas, night traffic noise intensity, the number of exposed population and the coefficient of house living years in the frontage area.Taking the night muck trucking in Haidian District of Beijing as an example, the optimal trucking routes are different due to different objectives. When the optimal trucking routes with the objective of minimizing fuel and time consumption, then the noise impact is relatively bad, if the objective is to minimize noise, the routes of muck trucking have to avoid densely populated areas and hospital areas, therefore, the cost of time and fuel consumption is relatively high.

Keywords:traffic noise of night; functional area of acoustic environment; quantification model; trucking route