基于轮系仿真的橡胶减振器故障分析与改进

段良坤^1，2，曾超^1，2，刘伦伦^1，2，程市^1，2，王俊然^1，2，王景新^1，2

1.内燃机可靠性国家重点实验室，山东 潍坊  261061； 2.潍柴动力股份有限公司，山东 潍坊  261061

摘要：针对柴油机匹配小麦收获机出现的橡胶减振器内、外圈脱落故障，分析转速波动、橡胶减振器阻尼功、轮毂力对扭转振动的影响；基于曲轴前后端惯量匹配，通过曲轴一维仿真分析匹配相同减振器的小麦收获机、玉米收获机的扭转振动和轮毂力；优化设计橡胶减振器结构并进行仿真计算。结果表明：柴油机低转速时小麦收获机曲轴前端滚振高于玉米收获机，高转速时玉米收获机扭振较大；小麦收获机在风扇反转时的轮毂力比正转时大；柴油机高转速实施换向工况时轮毂力过大是导致橡胶减振器的内外圈脱落的原因；橡胶减振器结构优化后，橡胶层不承受外载荷，减振器可靠性优于原结构，前端轮系可靠性满足设计要求。该研究可为小麦收获机前端轮系橡胶减振器优化设计提供参考。

关键词：橡胶减振器；可靠性；扭转振动；仿真；前端附件驱动

Fault analysis of rubber shock absorber based on the simulation of belt driver system and its improvement

DUAN Liangkun^1,2，ZENG Chao^1,2，LIU Lunlun^1,2，CHENG Shi^1,2，WANG Junran^1,2，WANG Jingxin^1,2

1.State Key Laboratory of Engine Reliability, Weifang 261061, China;

2.Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China

Abstract：Aiming at the hub and ring separation of rubber shock absorber failure when diesel engine matching wheat harvester, the influence of the speed irregular, damping power and the hub load of the damper are analyzed according to the failure theory. Based on crankshaft inertia matching, the one-dimensional torsional vibration and hub force of wheat harvesters and corn harvesters matched with the same shock absorber are simulated. The structure of rubber shock absorber is optimized and simulated. The results show that the roll vibration of wheat harvester′s crankshaft is higher than that of corn harvester at low rotational speed, and the torsional vibration of corn harvester is higher at high rotational speed. The hub force of wheat harvester is larger when the fan rotation is reversed than when it is forward. The reason of the hub and ring separation of rubber shock absorber is that the hub force is too large when the fan is reversing at high speed. After the optimization structure of rubber shock absorber, the rubber layer does not bear the external load, the reliability of the shock absorber is better than the original structure, and the reliability of the front gear train meets the design requirements. The research can provide a reference for the optimal design of rubber shock absorber of front gear train of wheat harvester.

Keywords:rubber shock absorber;reliability;torsional vibration;simulation;front end accessory drive