绿灯倒计时信号对驾驶员行为决策的影响
刘岩1,丁嘉琦1*,刘恩杰2
1.大连交通大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁 大连 116028;
2.国能黄大铁路有限责任公司,山东 东营 257000
摘要:为探讨绿灯倒计时信号设置的必要性及其对交叉口通行效率和安全的影响,基于行为决策理论,构建绿灯倒计时信号对驾驶员驾驶决策的Logistics模型。分析绿灯倒计时信号对车辆通过停止线时的速度(地点车速)和平均车头时距等车流特性指标的影响,研究车队连续性、地点车速、倒计时显示时间和是否营运车辆4个因素与加速行驶、减速行驶、匀速行驶及停车等不同驾驶决策之间的相关性。结果表明:绿灯倒计时信号交叉口驾驶员选择减速行驶的概率较大;当绿灯倒计时信号剩余时间分别为5、4、3、2 s时,绿灯倒计时信号交叉口驾驶员减速行驶的概率分别为72.65%、67.17%、59.18%、46.44%,远大于无绿灯倒计时信号时的减速行驶概率35%;是否为连续车队、是否为营运车辆与绿灯倒计时信号交叉口的驾驶行为不具有显著相关;绿灯倒计时时间与是否匀速行驶行为显著相关;车辆在距停止线15 m处的地点车速与有、无绿灯倒计时信号交叉口的驾驶行为都显著相关,绿灯倒计时信号交叉口的车辆平均地点车速比无绿灯倒计时信号交叉口低16.7%;绿灯倒计时信号可以约束营运车辆驾驶员的驾驶行为,有利于提升交叉口的通行效率及安全性。
关键词:绿灯倒计时信号;交叉口;驾驶员行为;Logistics模型;通行效率;行车安全
Influence of green light countdown signal on driver behavior decision
LIU Yan1,DING Jiaqi1*,LIU Enjie2
1. School of Transportation Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China;
2. CHN Energy Huangda Railway Co.,Ltd.,Dongying 257000,China
Abstract:In order to discuss the necessity of green light countdown and its influence on traffic efficiency and safety at intersections, based on behavioral decision theory, the Logistics model of green light countdown signal affects on driver′s driving decision was constructed. The influence of green light countdown signal on the speed of the passing is analyzed through the stop line (location speed ) and the average time headway, the correlation between the four factors(fleet continuity, location speed, the display time of countdown, vehicle types ) and the four decisions(constant speed, accelerating, decelerating, stopping)have been studied. The results show that large proportion of drivers choose to decelerate at the intersection with green countdown signal. When the remaining time of green countdown signal is 5, 4, 3 and 2 s respectively, the proportion of drivers decelerating at the intersection with green countdown signal is 72.65%, 67.17%, 59.18% and 46.44% respectively, which is much higher than the proportion of decelerating at the intersection without green countdown signal, 35%. There is no significant correlation between continuous fleet (or operating vehicles) and driving behavior at green countdown signal intersection. Green countdown time is significantly related to driver′s behavior (especially if the driver is good at driving constantly); whether there is a green countdown signal or not has strong correlation with the driver′s behavior of controlling the vehicle speed at 15 m away from the stop line. The ratio of average vehicle speed at intersections with green countdown signal is 16.7% lower than that at intersections without green countdown signal. The green countdown signal can restrain the driving behavior of operating vehicle drivers, which can improve the efficiency and safety at intersections.
Keywords:green light countdown signal; intersection; driver′s behavior; Logistics model; traffic efficiency; traffic safety