进气预热对柴油机低温启动性能影响的试验研究

陈月春¹，李素婷²，王霞¹，王兴元¹，李兰菊¹

1.潍柴动力股份有限公司，山东 潍坊  261061；2.潍柴动力空气净化科技有限公司，山东 潍坊  261061

摘要：为了研究进气预热对柴油机低温启动性能的影响，进行柴油机有、无进气预热及使用不同功率格栅预热下的低温启动性能试验。结果表明：柴油机低温启动采用进气预热时，第2个工作循环缸内开始着火且燃烧能自持；无进气加热时，柴油机启动前8个工作循环内无明显燃烧迹象，第9个工作循环着火后燃烧仍无法自持，缸内失火现象严重，直到第45个工作循环才能自持燃烧。试验样机预热60 s后，温度变化试验表明：采用1.8 kW的格栅预热进气比采用1.2 kW的格栅预热启动前和启动过程中气流最高温度分别提高90.2 ℃和77.8 ℃，缸内第1个工作循环温度提升约70 ℃，起始着火提前角提前2.26°。

关键词：柴油机；进气预热；低温启动性能；试验研究

Experimental study on effect of intake preheating on cold starting performance of diesel engine

CHEN Yuechun¹, LI Suting², WANG Xia¹, WANG Xingyuan¹, LI Lanju¹

1.Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China;

2. Weichai Power Emission Solutions Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China

Abstract:In order to study the influence of intake preheating on cold starting performance of diesel engine, the cold starting performance tests with  or without intake preheating and with different power grid preheating are carried out. The results show that when the diesel engine starts at low temperature with intake preheating, the second combustion cycle cylinder starts to catch fire and the combustion is self-sustaining. When there is no intake heating, there is no obvious sign of combustion in the first 8 working cycles of starting, and after the ignition of the 9th working cycle, the combustion is still unable to maintain itself, and the in-cylinder misfire is serious, until the 45th working cycle. By comparing the temperature changes of the prototype after the preheating of 60 s, it is shown that the air temperature with 1.8 kW grid preheating device is higher than that with the 1.2 kW grid preheating device. The highest air temperature of the grid air flow before and during the starting process increases by 90.2 ℃ and 77.8 ℃ respectively, and the temperature of the first cycle in the cylinder increases by about 70 ℃, and the advance angle of initial ignition is 2.26℃ ahead of time.

Keywords:diesel engine; intake preheating; cold starting performance; experimental study

基于外部观测温度的锂离子电池电极温度在线实时预测系统

高岩飞¹，毋青松¹，宫汝燕²，黄雪涛¹，富文军¹

1.山东交通学院 汽车工程学院，山东 济南  250357；

2.威海市产品质量标准计量检验研究院，山东 威海  264200

摘要：为有效估算锂离子电池内部电极温度，基于经典热传导理论及能量守恒定律，建立以时间、环境温度、单体电流为输入参量的电池内部电极温度预测模型，将控制方程进行离散化处理，采用恒流充放电试验有效辨识模型参数。试验与仿真结果表明：该模型计算精度高，可在线实时、准确预测锂离子电池电极温度，为纯电动汽车动力电池组合的“电极材料-壳体”精确均衡热管理研究提供可靠依据。

关键词：锂离子电池；参数辨识；电极温度；模型实时预测

Online real-time prediction system for electrode temperature ofLithium-Ion battery based on external observation temperature

GAO Yanfei¹，WU Qingsong¹，GONG Ruyan²，HUANG Xuetao¹，FU Wenjun¹

1.School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China;

2.Weihai Measurement and Inspection Institute of Product Quality Standards, Weihai 264200, China

Abstract:In order to effectively estimate the internal electrode temperature of Lithium-Ion battery, based on the classical theory of heat conduction  and energy conservation law, a prediction model of internal electrode temperature of Lithium-Ion battery is established based on input parameters of time, ambient temperature and monomer current. The control equation is discretized and the constant current charge-discharge test is used to identify the model parameters effectively. The experimental and simulation results show that the model is high in the calculation accuracy, and it can accurately make the online real-time prediction of the internal electrode temperature of Lithium-Ion battery, and provide a reliable basis for the research of precise equilibrium thermal management of “electrode material-shell” of battery pack for pure electric vehicles.

Keywords:Lithium-Ion battery; parameter identification; electrode temperature; model real-time prediction

基于ADAMS-Isight联合仿真的电子机械制动器增力机构结构参数优化

许本博，张竹林^*，蒋德飞，毋青松

山东交通学院 汽车工程学院，山东 济南  250357

摘要：设计一种新型肘杆增力式机械制动器，为了优化该制动器增力机构的结构参数，在ADAMS软件平台上建立参数化模型，并进行初步仿真，获得该增力机构的初始增力效果。基于Isight软件集成ADAMS，以增力机构输出稳定最大夹紧力为目标进行优化设计，采用优化拉丁方实验设计方法设计试验变量，对得出的近似模型通过序列二次规划法（non-linear pragramming by quadratic lagrangian,NLPQL）进行针对增力机构输出夹紧力的单目标优化，最终得到结构参数局部最优解。研究表明：优化后的增力机构具有更好的增力系数，有利于降低对电子机械制动器中电动机的性能要求，降低生产成本。

关键词：电子机械制动器；肘杆增力机构；夹紧力；ADAMSIsight；结构参数；优化

Structural parameter optimization of booster mechanism of electromechanical brake based on ADAMS-Isight co-simulation

XU Benbo, ZHANG Zhulin^*, JIANG Defei, WU Qingsong

School of Automotive Engineering, ShandongJiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China

Abstract:In order to optimize the structural parameters of the new toggle lever booster brake, a parametric model is established on the software platform of ADAMS and the preliminary simulation is carried out to obtain the initial effect of this actuator. ADAMS is integrated with Isight software to optimize the design aiming at the maximum stable clamping force output of the augmenting mechanism. Experimental variables are designed by using the optimized Latin square experimental design method. The approximate model is optimized by NLPQL for the singleobjective optimization of the clamping force output of the augmenting mechanism, and finally the local optimal solution of structural parameters is obtained. The research shows that the optimized booster mechanism has a better booster coefficient, which is helpful to reduce the performance requirements of the motor in the electromechanical brake and the production cost.

Keywords:electromechanical brake; toggle lever booster mechanism; clamping force; ADAMSIsight; structural parameter; optimization

基于MNL模型的网约车乘客出行行为

刘鑫¹，韩浩¹，吕崧平¹，熊浩然¹，曲彦菘¹，李纲^1，2*

1.大连交通大学 交通运输工程学院，辽宁 大连  116028;

2.大连海事大学 交通运输工程学院，辽宁 大连  116026

摘要：为研究基于多项评定（multinomial logit，MNL）模型的网约车乘客出行行为，以2018年大连市主要商圈内具有网约车乘车经历的出行者为调查对象，设计网约车乘客出行意向调查（stated preference，SP）问卷，建立MNL模型，探索出行方式选择行为的关键影响因素及其作用规律，并进行弹性分析。研究结果表明：出行者的年龄、职业、学历、家庭收入、私家车拥有情况等个人社会经济属性对交通方式选择有显著影响，网约车的乘用频率、司机的礼貌程度以及自由时间满意度对网约车的使用有一定的促进作用。研究结果可以为城市网约车的管理提供借鉴。

关键词：网约车；SP调查；MNL模型；弹性分析

Travel behaviors of online car-hailing passengers based on the MNL model

LIU Xin¹，HAN Hao¹，LÜ Songping¹，XIONG Haoran¹，QU Yansong¹，LI Gang^1，2*

1. School of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China;

2.College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China

Abstract:In order to study travel behaviors of online car-hailing passengers based on a multinomial logit (MNL)model, taking the travelers with online car-hailing experience in the major CBD of Dalian in 2018 as the research object, a questionnaire of the stated preference (SP) of the online car-hailing passengers is designed. The MNL model is established to explore the key influencing factors and their action rules of travel mode choice behavior and then elastic analysis is conducted. The results show that the traveler′s age, occupation, education, family income, private car ownership and other personal socio-economic attributes have a significant impact on traffic mode choice, and that the online car-hailing frequency, the politeness of drivers and the satisfaction of free time contribute to the use of online car-hailing. This study can provide a reference for the management of urban online car-hailing.

Keywords:online car-hailing; SP survey; MNL model; elastic analysis

液体导热通道式沥青路面结构的试验研究

杜力

东南大学 交通学院，江苏 南京  211189

摘要：为解决黑色沥青路面因传热性能较差导致吸收热量耗散困难而累积在路面内部、引发路面病害的问题，利用液体可以对流传热的原理，在沥青混合料内插入竖直分布的柱状液体，构建液体导热通道，在温度场中进行从上向下和从下向上的照射试验，将有液体导热通道的试验组与普通沥青混合料结构的对照组相比较，研究柱状液体导热通道对沥青混合料传热性质的影响。结果表明：照射时间较短时，2组试件温度均有明显上升，但照射时间较长时，试验组的温度明显低于对照组，液体导热通道结构同时存在对流和传导作用，可引导路面内部热量的定向传输，起到较好的降温效果。

关键词：传热通道；定向热传导；液体；沥青路面

Experimental research on asphalt pavement structure with liquid thermal channels

DU Li

School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

Abstract:In order to solve the problem of excessive heat accumulated within the whole structure, which will bring about serious pavement diseases due to the poor heat-transfer performance of black asphalt pavement, a new solution of using aligned high-thermal-conductivity liquid column to build liquid thermal channels in asphalt pavement is proposed based on the principle of convective heat transfer existing in liquid. Through the up-to-down and down-to-up ways of lighting tests carried out in temperature field, the test results of the experimental group with liquid thermal channels are compared with those of the common asphalt pavement structure to study the influence of liquid thermal channels on the thermal conduction of asphalt mixture. The results show that the temperature of the two groups increases significantly when the lighting time is short, but the temperature of the experimental group is obviously lower than that of the control group when the lighting time is long. The liquid thermal channels possess convective and conductive heat transfer simultaneously, which is helpful to inducing heat transfer and decreasing the temperature of asphalt pavement.

Keywords:thermal channel; oriented heat conduction; liquid; asphalt pavement

聚乙烯醇掺量对桥面铺装混凝土性能的影响

李洋¹，刘杨²

1.山东高速股份有限公司 济青济南养护分中心，山东 济南  250014；

2.济南瑞鑫路桥养护有限公司，山东 济南  250105

摘要：为研究聚乙烯醇掺量对桥面铺装混凝土性能的影响，对比分析不同聚乙烯醇掺量的桥面铺装混凝土的坍落度、不同养护龄期下的力学性能、收缩性能及28 d龄期的抗渗性能。研究结果表明：适量的聚乙烯醇可提高桥面铺装混凝土的坍落度；随着聚乙烯醇掺量的增加，混凝土的抗压强度和抗弯拉强度先增加后降低，收缩性能先降低，在养护后期趋于稳定,抗渗性能显著提升。综合考虑聚乙烯醇掺量对桥面铺装混凝土性能的影响以及工程造价，推荐聚乙烯醇在桥面铺装混凝土中的最佳掺量为水泥质量的1.0%。

关键词：聚乙烯醇；桥面铺装混凝土；坍落度；力学性能；收缩性能；抗渗性能

Influence of polyvinyl alcohol content onproperties of bridge deck concrete

LI Yang¹，LIU Yang²

1. Jinan Maintenance Center of Jinan-Qingdao Expressway, Shandong High-Speed Co., Ltd., Jinan 250014, China;

2. Jinan Ruixin Road and Bridge Maintenance Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China

Abstract:In order to study the influence of polyvinyl alcohol content on the properties of bridge deck concrete, the relationship between the polyvinyl alcohol content and the properties of bridge deck concrete is analyzed by comparing the slump, the mechanical strength, shrinkage properties of bridge deck concrete with different curing ages, and the impermeability of bridge deck concrete with the curing age of 28 days. The results show that the appropriate amount of polyvinyl alcohol can improve the slump of bridge deck concrete. The compressive strength and flextural strength increase first and then decrease with the increase of polyvinyl alcohol content. The drying shrinkage of bridge deck concrete decreases with the increase of polyvinyl alcohol content and tends to be stable at the later stage of curing. The impermeability of bridge deck concrete goes up with the increase of polyvinyl alcohol content. Considering the influence of polyvinyl alcohol content on the properties of bridge deck concrete and the project cost, it is recommended that the optimal  content of polyvinyl alcohol in bridge deck concrete should be 1.0%.

Keywords:polyvinyl alcohol; bridge deck concrete; slump; mechanical property; shrinkage property; impermeability

石灰岩矿粉改性及其对沥青混合料高温性能的影响

李孟，曲恒辉，赵庆民，吕奉丽

山东高速材料技术开发集团有限公司，山东 济南  250101

摘要：采用重质碳酸钙粉体改性技术，以钛酸酯201与硬脂酸钠为改性剂，乙醇和异丙醇为分散剂，通过机械力化学法对石灰岩矿粉进行表面改性，采用单因素试验评价改性剂与石灰岩矿粉的质量比对改性石灰岩矿粉的活化度和吸油值的影响，通过马歇尔试验、车辙试验研究矿粉改性对沥青混合料高温性能的影响。结果表明：钛酸酯201与硬脂酸钠改性剂的最佳改性温度、最佳改性时间、改性剂与石灰岩矿粉的最佳质量比分别为80 ℃、70 min、1.5%和80 ℃、50 min、1.0%。与普通AC-13沥青混合料相比，掺加改性矿粉的2种AC-13C沥青混合料的马歇尔稳定度分别增大1.46、1.43 kN，约提高12%；马歇尔模数分别提高41%、55%；动稳定度分别提高214%、112%。改性矿粉可显著提高沥青混合料的高温稳定性能，钛酸酯201改性剂的改善效果更明显。

关键词：钛酸酯201；硬脂酸钠；石灰岩矿粉改性；AC-13C；高温性能

Modification of limestone powder and influence on high temperature performance of asphalt mixture

LI Meng, QU Henghui, ZHAO Qingmin, LÜ Fengli

Shandong High-Speed Material Technology Development Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101，China

Abstract:By means of the modification technology of heavy calcium carbonate powder, titanate 201 and sodium stearate are used as modifiers, ethanol and isopropanol as dispersants and the surface modification of limestone powder is carried out by mechanochemical method. The single factor test is used to evaluate the influence of the amount of modifier on the chemical indexes of the activation degree and oil absorption value of the modified limestone mineral powder. The influence of the modified mineral powder on the high temperature performance of asphalt mixture is studied through Marshall test and rutting test. The results show that the optimum modification temperature, time and mass ratio of titanate 201 to sodium stearate modifier are 80 ℃, 70 min, 1.5% and 80 ℃, 50 min, 1.0% respectively. The high temperature performance of no modified mineral powder, compared two kinds of AC-13C asphalt mixture with modified mineral powder, the Marshall stability increases by 1.46 kN and 1.43 kN, which is about 12% higher, the Marshall modulus increases by 41% and 55% respectively, and the dynamic stability increases by 173% and 76% respectively. So the modified mineral powder can significantly improve the high temperature stability of asphalt mixture and the improvement effect of titanate 201 modifier is more obvious.

Keywords:titanate 201; sodium stearate;limestone powder modification; AC-13C; high temperature performance

分步拌和技术对水泥稳定碎石混合料性能的影响

闫翔鹏^1,3，安平²，丁伟²，张国鹏²，徐钦升^1,3*

1.山东省交通科学研究院，山东 济南  250031；2.日照公路建设有限公司，山东 日照  276800;

3.山东建筑大学 交通工程学院，山东 济南  250101

摘要：为改善水泥稳定碎石混合料拌和的裹附程度及均匀性，提高混合料的路用力学性能，采用改变混合料各组成分拌和顺序的拌和工艺，分析分步拌和技术降低混合料水泥用量的可行性。结果表明：与常规拌和相比，分步拌和可有效改善混合料的流动状态和均匀性，提升混合料的力学性能；水泥稳定碎石混合料抗压强度提高8.1%，水的质量分数降低至4.3%，弹性模量增大30%~40%，在同等强度、模量指标要求下可减少水泥和水的用量，缩短养护龄期；相同环境下，基于分步拌和工艺的梁式试件干缩系数降低18.8%，圆柱形试件干缩系数降低14.4%，分步拌和技术可有效提高混合料的干缩、抗裂性能。

关键词：分步拌和技术；水泥稳定碎石；均匀性；路用力学性能；干缩；水的质量分数

Influence of stepwise mixing technology on performance of cement stabilized macadam mixture

YAN Xiangpeng^1,3, AN Ping², DING Wei², ZHANG Guopeng², XU Qinsheng^1,3*

1.Shandong Institute of Transportation Science,Jinan 250031, China;

2.Rizhao Highway Construction Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China;

3.School of Tratfic Engineering Academy, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101,China

Abstract:In order to improve the degree of binding and uniformity of the cement stabilized macadam mixture and the road mechanical properties of the mixture, the mixing technique of changing the mixing order of each component of the mixture is used to analyze the feasibility of reducing the cement content of the mixture through the stepwise mixing technology. The results show that compared with the conventional mixing technology, the stepwise mixing technology can effectively improve the flow state and uniformity of the mixture and the mechanical performance of the mixture; the compressive strength of the cement stabilized macadam mixture increases by 8.1%, the water content decreasing to 4.3%, and the elastic modulus increasing by 30% ~40%, so under the requirements of the same strength and modulus index, the cement dosage, water consumption and curing age are reduced; under the same environment, the coefficient of drying shrinkage of beam specimens based on the stepwise mixing technology decreases by 18.8%, the coefficient of drying shrinkage of cylindrical specimens decreases by 14.4%. The stepwise mixing technology can effectively improve the drying shrinkage and crack resistance of the mixture.

Keywords:stepwise mixing technology; cement stabilized macadam; uniformity; road mechanical property; drying shrinkage; water content

基于PFC^3D的点荷载试验数值模拟

刘友博，葛颜慧^*，綦鸿远，王国栋

山东交通学院 交通土建工程学院，山东 济南  250357

摘要：依托山西中部引黄工程TBM 2标，研究岩石尺寸效应对点荷载强度的影响，进行现场点荷载试验和室内单轴压缩试验。利用离散元数值模拟软件PFC^3D建立点荷载试验数值模型，模拟点荷载加载全过程，模型由岩体和上下加载锥头构成，岩块的长×宽×高约为90 mm×70 mm×30 mm，数值模拟得到的点荷载强度与现场试验获取的点荷载强度比较吻合，证明离散元数值模拟点荷载试验方法的可行性。依次改变试样长、宽、高等宏观参数和岩体细观力学参数，发现点载荷强度随着岩石长度、高度和高宽比的增大而增大，随着长宽比的增大先增大后减小。点荷载强度随着有效模量、摩擦系数、法向黏结强度、切向黏结强度的增大而增大，随刚度比的增大先减小后增大。

关键词：点荷载试验；岩石尺寸效应；点荷载强度；数值模拟

Numerical simulation of point load test based on PFC^3D

LIU Youbo, GE Yanhui^*, QI Hongyuan, WANG Guodong

School of Civil Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China

Abstract:Relying on the No. 2 bid section of the TBM construction of the Yellow River Diversion Project in thecentral part of Shanxi Province, this paper studies the influence of rock size effect on the point load strength, and conducts field point load tests and indoor uniaxial compression tests. The numerical model of point load test is established by using the discrete element numerical simulation software PFC^3D to simulate the whole loading process of point load. The model is composed of rock mass and upper and lower loading cones, of which the size of the rock block is 90 mm× 70 mm× 30 mm in length, width and height. The point load strength obtained by the numerical simulation is rather consistent with the point load strength obtained on the field test, which proves the feasibility of the point load test method of the discrete element numerical simulation. By changing macro parameters of length, width, height of the sample and micro-mechanical parameters of rock mass in sequence, the point load strength increases with the increase of length, height and height-width ratio of rock, and it increases first and then decreases with the increase of length-width ratio. The point load strength increases with the increase of effective modulus, friction coefficient, normal bond strength and tangential bond strength, and it decreases first and then increases with the increase of stiffness ratio.

Keywords:point load test; effect of rock size ; point load strength; numerical simulation

盾构施工下穿既有建筑物沉降变形分析与控制

韩伟¹，王余鹏¹，石端文²

1.福建林业职业技术学院， 福建 南平  353000；

2.中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司， 湖北 武汉  430000

摘要：为了控制盾构近接施工区既有建筑物的沉降变形，以福州地铁某线下穿文化街区的隧道盾构施工为例，采取全过程分阶段风险控制措施，并建立其隧道盾构的数值仿真模型，分析盾构施工对建筑物和地表沉降的影响。模拟结果表明：盾构下穿建筑物的最大沉降为4.9 mm，地表最大沉降为5.5 mm，均满足规范要求。同时将数值模拟结果和现场监测结果进行比对，验证了数值模拟的可靠性。研究结果可为类似隧道盾构下穿既有建筑物的风险管理和控制提供参考。

关键词：盾构施工；沉降变形；超前探测；加固处理；数值模拟

Analysis and control of settlement deformation ofexisting buildings under shield construction

HAN Wei¹，WANG Yupeng¹，SHI Duanwen²

1. Vocational and Technical College of Fujian Forestry, Nanping 353000, China;

2.China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.，Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China

Abstract:In order to control the settlement deformation of existing buildings near the shield construction area, taking the shield construction of a subway line underneath the cultural block in Fuzhou as an example, the whole process of phased risk control measures is taken, and the numerical simulation model of the tunnel shield is established to analyze the impact of shield construction on the settlement of buildings and surfaces. The simulation results show that under the shield construction the maximum settlement of the buildings is 4.9 mm and the maximum settlement of the surfaces is 5.5 mm, all of which meet the requirements of the specification. Meanwhile, the reliability of numerical simulation is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the onsite monitoring results. The results can provide reference for risk management and control of existing buildings under similar tunnel shield constructions.

Keywords:shield construction; settlement deformation; advanced detection; reinforcement treatment; numerical simulation

基于渗流场与电场耦合的土石堤坝渗漏诊断

李向阳¹，刘志²，陈建斌¹，许福¹

1.泰安市公路事业发展中心，山东 泰安  271000；

2.新疆维吾尔自治区交通规划勘察设计研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐  830000

摘要：为全面、准确地诊断土石堤坝渗漏隐患，根据孔隙率和饱和度等相关参数，推导土石堤坝渗流场与电场耦合数学模型，基于COMSOL Multiphysics多场耦合平台，将渗流场与电场同步关联，模拟均质土石堤坝破坏过程中介质电阻率随渗流场的变化，得到不同时刻土石坝内渗流场及电场分布，根据土体破坏允许的渗透比降，确定土体渗透过程的电阻率变化范围，明确电阻率变化的影响因素，研究结果可为土石堤坝渗漏诊断提供依据。

关键词：土石堤坝；电阻率；渗流场；渗流场与电场耦合；数值模拟

Leakage diagnosis of earth-rock dams based on seepage field and electric field coupling

LI Xiangyang¹, LIU Zhi²，CHEN Jianbin¹, XU Fu¹

1.The Development Center of Taian Highway Construction, Taian 271000, China；

2. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Transportation Planning，Survey，Design and Research Institute，Urumchi 830000，China

Abstract:In order to comprehensively and accurately diagnose the hidden leakage dangers of earth-rock dams, the mathematical model of the seepage field and electric field coupling of earth-rock dams is deduced according to the relevant parameters such as porosity and saturation. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics, a multi-field coupling platform, the seepage field and electric field are synchronously correlated to simulate the variation of medium resistivity with the seepage field in the destruction process of homogeneous earth-rock dams, and obtain the distribution of the seepage field and electric field in earth-rock dams at different moments. According to the allowable permeability gradient of soil damage, the variation range of resistivity in the soil penetration process is determined, and the influencing factors of resistivity variation are made clear. The research results can provide a basis for the leakage diagnosis of earth-rock dams.

Keywords:earth-rock dam; resistivity; seepage field and electric field coupling; numerical simulation

横向陡坡地形矮高墩梁桥地震反应参数分析

危艳

厦门大学 嘉庚学院，福建 厦门  363105

摘要：对比分析某山区双柱墩梁桥在横向陡坡地形和常规地形下的地震反应及不同矮、高墩刚度比情况下的地震响应，结果表明：桥墩横向刚度差异对墩顶位移、桥墩剪力、墩底最大弯矩的影响较大。高墩位移随矮、高墩刚度比的增大逐渐增大，剪力和弯矩逐渐减小；矮墩位移随矮、高墩刚度比的增大逐渐减小，剪力和弯矩逐渐增大；矮、高墩在纵向的位移差随二者刚度比的增大而增大，即矮、高墩的纵向位移趋于不同步，盖梁出现扭转。

关键词：横向陡坡；山区桥梁；矮墩；高墩；地震响应

Parameter analysis of seismic response of short or high pieron lateral steep slope

WEI Yan

Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 363105,China

Abstract:A comparative analysis of the seismic response of a double-column pier girder bridge in a mountainous area under lateral steep slopes, conventional topography and different stiffness ratios shows that the difference in the lateral stiffness of the pier has a greater effect on the displacement of the pier, the shear force of the pier, and the maximum bending moment. The results show that the displacement of high pier gradually increases with the increase of the stiffness ratio of short high pier and the shear force and the bending moment decreases. The displacement of the short pier gradually decreases with the increase of the stiffness ratio of short high pier and the shear force and the bending moment gradually increases. The longitudinal displacement difference of the short high pier increases with the increase of the stiffness ratio, which means that the longitudinal displacement of the short high pier tends to be asynchronous and the distortion of the cover beam appears.

Keywords:lateral steep slope; mountain bridge; short pier; high pier; seismic response

基于BIM的公路工程施工安全风险源编码规则

李梦晨，赵之仲

山东交通学院 交通土建工程学院，山东 济南  250357

摘要：为提高公路工程施工安全风险源识别、统计和分析的能力，促进信息化、大数据技术在安全管理中的应用，参照建筑信息模型    （ building information modeling，BIM）技术特点和风险预控管理的需求，建立风险源数据库，对事故类型、致险因子进行分类。按照BIM编码标准，将安全风险源编码分为八级，以字母+数字形式，建立七段十六位编码结构和规则。工程应用表明：按照此编码规则对风险源进行编码，形式灵活，八级编码分段截取或自由组合，可快速定位，反映安全管理重点在时空上的分布状态，与安全风险和隐患的多样性、随机性相对应，降低隐患排查和治理的难度，提升管理效率和水平。

关键词：风险源；编码规则；BIM技术；公路工程

Coding rule for safety risk sources ofhighway construction based on BIM

LI Mengchen, ZHAO Zhizhong

School of Civil Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China

Abstract:In order to improve the ability of safety risk source identification, statistics and analysis of highway construction, to promote the application of informatization and big data technology in safety management, and according to the characteristics of building information modeling (BIM) technology and the needs of risk pre-control management, the risk source database is established, and the types and risk factors of accidents are classified. According to the BIM coding standards, the safety risk source coding is divided into eight levels, and the structure and rules with the seven sections and sixteen-bit coding are established in the form of alphabetic letters and arabic numerals. The engineering application shows that the risk source is encoded according to this coding rule in a flexible form. The segmented interception or free combination of eight-level codes can quickly locate and reflect the distribution state of safety management focus in time and space. Furthermore, this coding method corresponds to the diversity and randomness of safety risks and hidden dangers, reduces the difficulty of hidden danger detection and management, and improves the efficiency and level of management.

Keywords:risk source; coding rule; BIM technology; highway engineering